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外媒炒中国将试验巨浪3导弹 或采用东风41技术

2017-08-08 10:53:30   国际在线

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【环球网军事8月8日报道 环球时报特约记者 王珂】最近中国网络上出现的经过改装的032型柴电试验潜艇的照片引发外媒关注。英国《简氏防务周刊》认为,它的改装是为试验新型的“巨浪-3”潜射弹道导弹做准备。有分析指出,“巨浪-3”潜射导弹的总体性能要比“巨浪-2”先进一代,达到或超过美国“三叉戟”IID5的水平。但目前中国官方尚未证实“巨浪-3”的存在。

据英国《简氏防务周刊》网站报道,中国网络上7月底出现的图片显示,中国人民解放军海军唯一一艘“清”级(032型)常规动力弹道导弹潜艇的指挥塔围壳进行了改装,后部升高,“这很可能是为了容纳更长的潜射弹道导弹发射管”。这说明该平台可能不久将开始测试一种更大的潜射弹道导弹。报道称,图片显示,这艘据信为试验平台的潜艇停靠在大连附近、与旅顺海军基地相邻的辽南船厂。

据专家介绍,032型试验艇实际上是中国海军新型武器装备的水下试验平台,也是目前世界上排水量最大的柴电潜艇,水下排水量据称超过6000吨,而目前各国较常见的柴电潜艇排水量一般只有两三千吨。正是如此大的艇体,为其安装大型导弹进行试验奠定了基础。“巨浪-2”、潜射型巡航导弹以及“鹰击”潜射反舰导弹等武器都通过它进行测试。

《简氏防务周刊》称,中国观察人士猜测,最近对032型潜艇的改造是为了测试下一代“巨浪-3”型潜射弹道导弹,这种导弹预计将装备在下一代096型弹道导弹核潜艇上。

然而,考虑到这艘潜艇的指挥塔围壳并没有加宽的迹象,此次改造也有可能旨在测试当前“巨浪-2”型潜射弹道导弹的射程更长、载荷更大或者多弹头版本。

中国专家认为,常规潜艇高度有限,为了测试大尺寸的弹道导弹,通常将导弹发射管安排在指挥塔内。此次加高指挥塔后部的高度,很可能为了携带更大型的弹道导弹。此次加高的部位正是容纳导弹发射管的位置,目视判断加高约1米,也就是说导弹发射管的长度加长了1米左右。这一迹象表明,032型潜艇很可能正在为试射一种新型潜射导弹做准备,该新型导弹的长度至少超过“巨浪-2”导弹1米左右。但这种导弹是否就是“巨浪-3”还不好说,目前中国官方尚未证实“巨浪-3”的存在。

尽管中国官方尚未承认所谓“巨浪-3”型潜射弹道导弹的存在,但外界普遍认为中国存在这样的计划,用于装备下一代弹道导弹核潜艇。由于潜艇的吨位限制以及材料、发动机技术的限制,外界普遍认为“巨浪-2”的射程和载荷都无法与美国的“三叉戟”IID5相比。一般认为,“巨浪-2”的最远射程约为8000公里,可携带一个弹头。而“三叉戟”IID5最远射程达到1.1万公里,可携带8个核弹头。中国潜艇如果要想利用“巨浪-2”攻击美国全境,就必须驶出岸基反潜力量和战斗机的作战半径,而中国相对落后的潜艇可能在大洋中遭遇敌方潜艇和反潜机的跟踪。

为此,中国强调潜艇的“堡垒”战术,也就是让己方的战略核潜艇在自己的反潜网和防空网的保护下巡航并发射导弹,这就需要射程更远的潜射弹道导弹,因此“巨浪-3”洲际弹道导弹的射程至少应该达到1.1万公里,可携带多个弹头甚至可携带高超音速滑翔器。

专家称,不排除“巨浪-3”利用所谓“东风-41”部分技术的可能,因为两者同为固体燃料发动机弹道导弹,有着很多相似点,但这并不意味着“东风-41”能够被移植到潜艇上使用。由于潜艇体积受限,潜射弹道导弹通常“短而粗”,而陆基弹道导弹对长度限制不大,通常看上去“细而长”,所以潜射弹道导弹都是单独设计的。但它们的发动机技术,包括壳体材料、固体燃料配方和工艺等方面可相互借鉴。

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