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中国全面禁入洋垃圾

2017-08-05 04:34:05   中国青年网

国务院办公厅近日印发《禁止洋垃圾入境推进固体废物进口管理制度改革实施方案》,要求全面禁止洋垃圾入境,完善进口固体废物管理制度。

海关总署8月1日表示,2017年1至6月,全国海关缉私部门查获走私固体废物刑事案件146起,查证涉案废物26万余吨。其中,利用他人许可证走私进口固体废物问题突出。

洋垃圾危害百姓生活

“洋垃圾”是一个俗称,而非专业用语,特指以走私、夹带等方式进口国家禁止进口的固体废物或未经许可擅自进口属于限制进口的固体废物。据了解,每年非法进入中国的塑料垃圾主要来自美国、德国、法国、澳大利亚、韩国等多个国家。

专家表示,包括洋垃圾在内的许多进口固体废物质劣价低,以其为原料的再生资源加工利用企业不少为“散、乱、污”企业,污染治理能力低下,多数甚至没有污染治理设施,加工利用中的污染排放严重损害当地生态环境。洋垃圾携带的病毒、细菌等有毒有害物质可能直接感染从业人员。

目前进入中国的洋垃圾主要包括废矿渣、废催化剂、废轮胎、废电池、电子垃圾等工业废物,以及旧服装、建筑垃圾、生活垃圾、医疗垃圾和危险性废物等。这些洋垃圾经过层层包装,很多就堂而皇之地进入寻常百姓家。

打击洋垃圾走私力度大

海关总署新闻发言人张广志介绍,近年来,海关总署先后部署开展了“绿篱”、“国门利剑”等多个专项行动和“大地女神”国际联合执法行动,严打洋垃圾走私。

张广志分析,近年来废物走私呈三大特点,其中废物走私区域性特点突出。2013年以来,“环渤海”、“长三角”、“珠三角”地区所在海关累计查处走私废物案件400起,查证涉案废物117万吨,分别占案件总数和涉案废物总量的73%和61%。

今年,海关总署牵头联合环境保护部、公安部、质检总局自2017年3月1日至11月30日开展为期9个月的强化监管严厉打击洋垃圾违法专项行动,出重拳加大进口固体废物全过程监管力度;组织开展“国门利剑2017”联合专项行动,把打击工业废料、电子废物、生活垃圾、废塑料等洋垃圾走私作为重中之重。海关总署于2月24日、3月17日分别组织广东分署和13个直属海关开展两轮专项打击行动,查证涉嫌走私进境的废塑料、废电子垃圾、废矿渣等固体废物5.42万吨。

禁入洋垃圾有“时间表”

今年7月,国家环保部启动了为期一个月的“打击进口废物环境违法行为的专项整治活动”。

7月20日,中国已向WTO提交文件,明确在年底之前,将紧急禁止4类24种固体废物入境。

7月27日,国务院办公厅印发的《禁止洋垃圾入境推进固体废物进口管理制度改革实施方案》正式对外公布。方案列明禁止洋垃圾入境的“时间表”和“路线图”。方案总体要求,全面禁止洋垃圾入境,完善进口固体废物管理制度。2017年年底前,全面禁止进口环境危害大、群众反映强烈的固体废物;2019年年底前,逐步停止进口国内资源可以替代的固体废物。

方案明确,2017年年底前,禁止进口生活来源废塑料、未经分拣的废纸以及纺织废料、钒渣等品种;完善固体废物进口许可证制度,取消贸易单位代理进口。2018年年底前,修订《固体废物进口管理办法》,限定固体废物进口口岸,减少固体废物进口口岸数量。2019年年底前,分批分类调整进口固体废物管理目录,大幅减少固体废物进口种类和数量,提高对走私洋垃圾、非法进口固体废物等行为的处罚标准。

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