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沪铜高位回调风险加大

2017-08-08 10:52:02   中国经济网

利好基本兑现

需求增长后劲堪忧

国际铜价大幅上涨的主要原因之一是中国铜需求增加预期升温,而这个预期是建立在中国宏观数据好于预期的基础上。无论是上半年的GDP增幅,还是6月规模以上工业企业利润总额同比增幅、7月PMI数据,都显示中国经济发展势头良好,铜未来需求增加可期。

中国铜需求的变化,主要从铜材市场和终端需求市场的相关数据来验证。据统计,6月中国铜材产量198.8万吨,同比增长7.66%,增幅比去年同期有所回落。终端需求方面,6月空调产量1917.5万台,同比增长13.4%;冰箱产量871.3万台,同比增长1.8%;洗衣机产量635.1万台,同比增长0.8%;汽车产量225万辆,同比增长6.2%。

从上述数据来看,空调产量同比增幅较高,但是空调市场一旦饱和,后续增加的空间有限。其他家电市场增幅较小,对铜需求拉动有限。汽车市场是一大亮点,但相比去年和春节期间明显回落。房地产市场环境并没有明显改善。我们偏向于中国市场对铜的需求不会大幅增加,尤其是在高铜价情况下。

罢工对供给影响趋弱

影响铜价的另一个因素就是供给端的炒作,最近国际市场主要有三次大规模的罢工事件。

但从统计数据分析,二季度,铜精矿产量明显恢复,供应不存在瓶颈。据统计,二季度,必和必拓铜精矿产量25.56万吨,同比增长2.1%,环比增长49.5%;力拓产量12.48万吨,同比减少5.6%,环比增加68.3%;英美资源产量14.08万吨,同比减少2%,环比减少1%。此外,6月国内铜精矿产量17.02万吨,同比增长7.39%,环比增长6.87%。这就表明铜精矿供给充足,罢工对市场的影响没有想象的那么大。随着产量恢复,供给端的炒作进入尾声,市场或恢复理性,铜价回调风险增加。

美元指数或触底反弹

自去年12月以来,美元指数进入下跌通道。今年6月美联储议息会议的声明,加上美国部分经济数据的低迷,使得美元加速走弱,逼近去年5月的低点91.919。最新公布的数据显示,美国7月非农就业新增20.9万,高于预期,失业率降至4.3%。7月美国新增就业岗位强于预期,薪资增长幅度为五个月来最大,表明就业市场收紧,可能在一定程度上让美联储官员对通胀将逐渐回升至2%的目标更有把握。未来,无论是美联储缩表,还是加息,都会使得美元指数走高,这不利于铜价继续上行。

从美国经济数据分析,美国经济运行平稳,12月再次加息的可能性较大。随着市场预期的变化,美元指数或触底反弹,重返上行通道,铜价或承压调整。

禁止废铜进口影响有限

铜价暴涨的另一助推因素是2018年中国禁止废铜五类的进口。市场认为这一因素或影响中国废铜60%的进口量,合铜含量在100万甚至200万吨,从而成为本次铜价上行的导火索。但从统计数据来看,最近几年废杂铜进口是持续下降的。况且,国内空调等也进入报废高峰,国内回收废杂铜比例越来越高。

随着期铜大幅上冲,国内废铜价格跟涨有限,精铜与废铜的价差扩大到2000元/吨,远高于合理范围1000元/吨,可见废铜惜售并不明显。我们通过与国内大的废铜贸易商进行交流发现,现货市场对禁止废五金进口的反应远不如期货市场那么大。因此,铜价的暴涨更多是资金因素在推动。

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