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免费筛查从起点护航健康

2017-08-08 08:51:46   中国青年网

□本报记者王平王绿扬

生育一个健康的孩子,是所有家庭的共同期盼。而由于种种原因,对于一部分家庭来说,实现这样的愿望并非一帆风顺。

8月7日,阴雨天。河南省妇幼保健院新生儿疾病筛查中心,吴英带着7岁的女儿昕雨(化名)一早就从漯河老家赶到了医院。这是小昕雨今年第二次来郑州复查治疗。

得知孩子血液苯丙氨酸浓度指标一切平稳,吴英长舒了一口气,紧皱的眉头也稍微舒展开来,再次问起她每次来医院必问的“老话题”。

“大夫,还有药吗?这次能不能多开一个疗程的用量,让妞儿的病快点好吧。”

坐在妈妈身旁的昕雨十分活泼可爱。如果不是事先了解,记者很难把这个聪明机灵的宝贝与一种出生缺陷疾病“BH4缺乏症”联系在一起。

这是新生儿苯丙酮尿症中治疗难度较高的罕见遗传病,在河南1/7000的苯丙酮尿症发病率中,它的发病率仅占10%。除了通过特定的饮食治疗改善之外,患者需要终身服用市场紧缺的特定药品,才能维持体内正常的新陈代谢,否则就会成为一名智力障碍者。

幸运的是,昕雨在出生20天就被告知筛查结果。及时的筛查确诊、父母的不离不弃,让孩子得到了及时有效的救治,才有了今天的“进步”。

对于出生缺陷疾病的预防和控制,目前国际、国内普遍采取针对孕前、孕期、新生儿三个阶段的“三级预防”模式。其中,二级预防阶段的产前血清学筛查、超声波筛查和三级预防阶段的新生儿疾病筛查,被业内专家认为是预防出生缺陷最重要的筛查手段。

设立在河南省妇幼保健院的“河南省新生儿疾病筛查中心”自2009年起,承担着全省新生儿疾病筛查的检测、诊断、随访和治疗工作。“新生儿疾病筛查包括苯丙酮尿症、先天性甲状腺功能减低症和听力筛查,前两项是国家强制推行的‘两病’筛查,这两种疾病一般在婴儿出生6个月后才会出现临床症状,并且会造成严重的体格生长迟缓、智力发育落后,因此筛查要尽可能早。”该中心主任赵德华说,筛查出的患儿如及早得到治疗,多数愈后良好。

而之所以要进行新生儿听力筛查,同样是由于听力障碍的临床症状出现较晚,容易错过最佳康复治疗时机。

从2014年起,我省将镇平县、郸城县、汝阳县纳入国家儿童重大公共卫生项目,每年有4万名孩子享受到了免费的新生儿疾病筛查。而为了减轻患儿家庭的看病负担,自2013年起,我省将苯丙酮尿症纳入新农合重大疾病保障范围,对0~3岁参合患儿在门诊开展的治疗性食品或特定药品治疗费用,实行80%的高额报销。如今,整合后的城乡居民医保将这一病种列入首批重特大疾病医疗保障范围,救助年龄放宽至18周岁,更多贫困家庭“看得起大病”的愿望变为了现实。

近五年来,我省不断加大投入力度,积极构建出生缺陷防治体系和监测网络,极力推动了“三级预防”措施有效落地,数千万个生育家庭从中受益。数据显示,我省新生儿“两病”筛查率由2011年的42%提升至2016年的88%,听力筛查率由2011年的33%提升至2016年的77%,全省严重致残的出生缺陷发生率持续下降。

今年,省委、省政府把预防出生缺陷免费筛查列入十件重点民生实事,将以政府购买服务的方式,在全省范围内免费对早中期孕妇开展一次血清学筛查和一次四维彩色超声波筛查,对新生儿开展“两病”筛查和听力筛查,完善出生缺陷三级预防体系,提升出生人口素质。“目前我们已完成覆盖各级筛查服务网络3800余人的技术培训,并在部分地区开展了免费筛查信息系统试运行。”作为此项工作的技术服务管理单位,省卫计委相关负责人表示,“在省政府妇儿工委办公室的主导下,我们要通过落实这项民生实事,努力让每一个孩子生而健康,实现‘健康从生命起点开始’。”①1

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