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用“生态疗法”实现“绿色脱贫”
2017-08-07 04:31:19 中国青年网
本报副总编辑刘伟(中)在贵州普定县采访当地发展山地高效农业的情况。本报记者 吕慎摄/光明图片
中国的西南地区,总给人一种绿水青山的印象。然而在很多地方,这美景背后却隐藏着一种“生态癌症”——石漠化。这是比荒漠化更可怕的自然退化现象:石头山上千甚至上万年形成的薄薄一层土壤,由于长期不合理耕作造成水土流失,只剩下满山白花花的石头。如何在这样的地方战胜贫困?通过蹲点式采访,记者深深感受到群众面对生态顽疾,用“生态疗法”实现“绿色脱贫”的智慧!
照理说,有水的地方就有绿色。那么,年降水量超过1000毫米的贵州普定县为什么也会出现石漠化?经过深入调研,记者才明白,由于喀斯特地貌区地表破碎、罅隙密布,能形成有效径流的也就占降水量的20%,而山区坡度又大,地表根本存不住水,更不要说用于农业生产了。
面对这看似无解的问题,当地群众却想出了办法。随着乡村硬化道路的增多,路面成了很好的集雨面,大家就在路两侧建起边沟,把路上的雨水引到田边的水窖里。像这样充满智慧的方法还有很多,但是,在战胜贫困历程中起决定作用的还是人的精神。在普定县的梭筛村,一望无际的桃林在石漠化深山里傲然挺立。这近万亩的桃园是怎么在石漠化率高达95%的山上种出来的?攀上陡崖,走到林下才能发现,每一棵桃树都长在一个凿出来的石坑中,而坑里的土壤全是从别处肩挑背负运上山的。一问才知道,他们累计撬石凿岩20万吨,填以湖岸客土40万立方米,才有了这片希望的绿色。靠着桃树,这里每户年收入达七八万元,人均达到了1.2万元,远高于全县、全省的水平。群众都说,“我们这儿石头里能开花,岩山上能结果”。
(本报记者 刘伟 吕慎)
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