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【塞罕坝生态文明建设范例启示录】绿色奇迹:茫茫荒原见证绿水青山之变

2017-08-05 10:32:20   中国经济网

习近平总书记指出,走向生态文明新时代,建设美丽中国,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的重要内容。地处河北省最北部、内蒙古高原浑善达克沙地南缘的塞罕坝机械林场,为美丽中国梦写下了生动注释。这里不仅造就了中国高寒沙地生态建设史无前例的绿色奇迹,也诠释了“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展之变,为正在走向生态文明新时代的中国,提供了一个血肉丰满的范例。从今天开始,《新闻联播》将推出系列报道【塞罕坝生态文明建设范例启示录】。今天播出第一集《茫茫荒原见证绿水青山之变》。

俯瞰地球,在东经117°北纬42°附近,一弯深深的绿色,就像展开翅膀的雄鹰,扼守在浑善达克沙地的南缘。这弯深绿,就是塞罕坝机械林场。

有人惊叹它的美。

有人惊叹它的大。

更有人惊叹它并非天然的造化。

有看得见的风景,还有算得出的生态效益。塞罕坝的森林生态系统不仅能够防风固沙,每年还可净化水质1.37亿立方米,固碳74.7万吨,释放氧气54.5万吨。

北京环境交易所,来自塞罕坝林场的18.3万吨林业碳汇已经上市,正在等待买家。

这是300年前画师笔下的塞罕坝,草木丰美、猎鹿成群。1681年,清朝康熙皇帝在此设立“木兰围场”,相当于最初的“自然保护区”。但随着清王朝的衰败,1863年,同治帝下诏对塞罕坝开围放垦。此后百年,历经战乱、山火和掠夺性采伐,到上世纪60年代,塞罕坝流沙遍地,草木稀疏。靠山吃山,塞罕坝的山就这样被吃没了,而距此180公里的北京,感受到的则是,几乎年年遭遇沙尘。

为了遏止沙漠逼近北京、涵养京津地区水源,同时也为了满足发展对木材的需求,1962年,当时的国家林业部决定在塞罕坝建立大型机械林场。经过半个多世纪的奋斗,塞罕坝诞生了世界上面积最大的人工林海,但是随着小树苗逐渐长大,问题出现了。

在经济效益面前,塞罕坝人选择了“既要金山银山,也要绿水青山”。树要砍,但要砍得科学,就是“抚育间伐”。

当年,塞罕坝开始了第一次大范围间伐,一共涉及9000多亩落叶松。留下的长得更壮,砍下来的变成了真金白银,一直在默默栽树的塞罕坝人,第一次尝到了绿水青山变成金山银山的实惠。

事实证明,塞罕坝人越节制,大自然的回馈就越慷慨。建场55年,塞罕坝资源总价值达到202亿元。

党的十八大以来,生态文明建设被提到前所未有的高度,让林场人有了更深刻的觉醒。他们意识到,大森林虽然造起来了,营收也进入了良性循环,但人工林树种单一、没有形成生态链的先天不足,让它随时处于危险之中。在塞罕坝森防总站档案室里,记者看到了林场历史上发生过的6次大虫灾的记录。

一边是总书记要求“生态兴、文明兴”的历史使命,一边是绿色发展之路上遇到了新课题,塞罕坝人有了更高的目标,那就是修复生态。

十八大以来,塞罕坝人先后启动了攻坚造林、人工林天然化改良和天然林近自然化改培三大工程,他们试图让人工森林更加接近天然。

习近平总书记的生态文明构想,正在塞罕坝变成现实。当地的生物多样性调查显示,塞罕坝现在有昆虫1000多种,植物700多种,动物256种,鸟类192种。

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