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我科学家研制出超强纳米陶瓷铝合金新材料
2017-08-07 04:31:12 中国青年网
本报上海8月6日电(记者曹继军、颜维琦) 铝里还能“长”陶瓷?日前,上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院教授王浩伟领衔的科研团队给出了答案:他们让铝里“长”出陶瓷。这个被命名为超强纳米陶瓷铝合金的“大力士”强度和刚度可以超过钛合金,但体重却是金属家族中的轻量级。专家预测,纳米陶瓷铝合金将带动航空、汽车、高铁等步入更轻、更节能的新材料时代。
铝合金材料可以使手机、电脑变得更加轻薄便携,但铝的“弱点”也很明显:太软,易变形、易断裂;陶瓷的强度和硬度却非常好。如果把陶瓷的属性掺到铝里,制作出来的材料会不会结合两者的优点?
此前国际上的传统方法是先把陶瓷制成颗粒或纤维,然后用搅拌铸造或粉末冶金的方法混入铝合金中获得铝基复合材料。但这种办法又会出现加工成形困难、强度及塑性差和性能不稳定等一系列问题。“既然用物理方法从外面往铝里掺陶瓷的路走不通了,我们又想了另外一个办法——‘无中生有’,让陶瓷自己从铝里‘长’出来。”王浩伟介绍,他们采用了“原位自生技术”,通过熔体控制自生,陶瓷颗粒的尺寸由外加法的几十微米降低到纳米级,突破了外加陶瓷铝基复合材料塑性低、加工难等应用瓶颈。
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