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科学家用数学模型指导转基因生物野外释放
2017-08-05 10:34:30 中国青年网
新华社北京8月5日电 美国科学家通过数学建模发现,向自然界投放转基因生物来对付害虫时,需要精确控制转基因特征的强弱,并采用特定的投放方案,才能既收到效果又不危害生态环境。
人们已经培育出多种转基因蚊子,希望用它们取代野外种群,切断疟疾等疾病的传播路径。这种“基因驱动”手段还能用于控制农业害虫。但如果释放的时机或方式不对,转基因特征可能无法传播开来,或者对生态系统造成不可逆转的损害。
美国哈佛大学发布的新闻公报说,该校和普林斯顿大学的研究人员合作,用数学模型模拟了转基因特征在生态空间里的扩散情况。模型显示,转基因特征在生存竞争中的劣势必须处于恰当水平,才有利于扩散,但这个合适的范围非常狭窄。
模型还显示,转基因生物的释放方式应该是“炸弹式”,即在某个地点大量投放,而不是大面积、低密度的“播种式”。此外,要精心设计转基因特征,以便按需要控制或中止转基因生物的扩散。
这一成果可望帮助设计合适的转基因生物及释放方案,相关论文发表在新一期美国《国家科学院学报》上。
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