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香港流感肆虐已致307人死亡 病毒的超强变异性或是罪魁

2017-08-06 14:02:36   中国青年网

此后几周,香港流感活跃程度将仍维持在较高水平。此次H3N2毒株变异比率高,疫苗的研发,始终在与病毒的变异进行着竞赛,有时还会输掉比赛。

2017年8月3日,香港卫生署发布消息显示, 从5月5日到8月2日,不到3个月的时间,共有14713人确诊流行性感冒,其中450人患严重流感,死亡307人。

“不可思议。”中国疾控中心研究员李德新与国家禽流感参考实验室主任陈化兰在接受《财经》记者采访时,均讶异于2.1%的高死亡率。 此次流感造成的死亡人数甚至超过了2003年SARS病毒直接导致的死亡数。

流感病毒缘何能肆虐香港、造成如此多的患者死亡?北大第一医院感染疾病科主任王贵强告诉《财经》记者 ,人类对流感病毒的抵抗力有限,“一直以来,流感都是可以造成患者死亡的,流感病毒非常容易变异,疫苗的防护能力是有限的。”

H3N2毒株变异比例高

香港卫生署出版的网上周刊《传染病直击》报道,今年香港夏季流感爆发时间由往年的7月到9月提前至5月,7月中旬时,流感的阳性检测率达到最高峰40.86%,超过了自2015年冬季38.71%的最高值。

流行性感冒(简称流感),是由流行性感冒病毒(简称流感病毒)引起的急性呼吸道传染病。季节性流感是指在每年流感季节中,人与人之间广泛传播和引起疾病的流感病毒。

根据病毒表面蛋白不同的种类和结合情况,甲型流感病毒可分类为几种亚型,在众多亚型中,近年来甲型H1N1、H3N2流感亚型和B型流感常见于人间传播和流行。

流感病毒容易发生变异。当发生小的变异时,不会产生新的亚型,多引起流感的中小型流行,大概每2年至5年出现一个新的变异株,如A(H3N2)流感病毒“瑞士型”和“德克萨斯型”。当发生较大的变异时,可以产生新的亚型,往往引起流感的世界大流行,如2009年的甲型H1N1流感。

流感大流行不常见。当一种与已经流行的流感病毒显著不同的新型流感病毒出现时,才会发生流感大流行。由于人类对这种新病毒的抵抗力有限,甚至根本没有抵抗力,所以新病毒能够在人与人之间轻易传播和引起疾病。

香港大学微生物学系讲座教授袁国勇与名誉助理教授龙振邦查阅文献发现,香港此次的流感并未出现抗原漂移,但有小抗原变异(N121K),导致此前的疫苗失效。这可能是导致今次流感高峰的原因之一。

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