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安徽黟县黄村古建筑现状:很多处于“被遗弃”状态

2017-08-05 09:01:31   中国青年网

安徽黟县黄村古宅内景 光明图片

【走进古城古镇古村落·调研札记】

古建筑,承载了一定历史时期及地域的传统文化,具有重要的历史价值、文化价值及艺术价值。保护好古建筑对传承发展中国传统文化具有重要意义。安徽省现存大量古城、古镇、古村,包括国家级历史文化名城5个、国家级历史文化名镇5个、国家级历史文化名村12个,中国传统村落163个,古建筑遗存丰富。但其整体分布具有明显的地域性,主要集中于黄山、宣城两市,形成了以皖南徽文化圈为主的古村落群。黄村即坐落于该区域之中。黄村建于唐末黄巢起义时期,古名为黄川。村庄环山抱水,坐落于山坳里,依据地理位置,衍生出“一山相隔一水相连”的上门村和下门村两个自然村。村里沿袭黄氏先人崇文尚武的遗风,成就了文武进士的光耀之举。如今的村落以其保存的明清古建筑闻名,这些古老的建筑错落有致,折射出深厚的徽风古韵以及优秀的华夏文明。

很多古建筑处于“被遗弃”状态

作为千年古村落,黄村在经历了千年文化洗礼的同时也经历了千年风雨的磨砺。根据考察团统计,目前同属黄村的上门村、下门村两村,现存“进士第”“中宪第”等明清古建筑21处,占村中现有建筑总数的十分之一。但就其保护状况而言,这二十余幢古建筑中,除了被列为国家级文物保护单位的“进士第”得到较好的保护以外,其余古建筑的保护情况不容乐观。

村中老人介绍,村中曾经有不少古建筑,但部分在20世纪中叶已被毁坏,如今已难觅其迹。最为典型的是该村原有的两座著名祠堂建筑——男祠和女祠,两祠皆在20世纪60年代被毁坏。同时,黄村的不少古建筑在经过长时间的使用之后,原有的建筑风貌遭到不同程度的损坏,部分严重老化。还有居民因需要更换住房而搬出老房,不愿花费财力与精力对老宅进行修缮,导致部分老宅受损程度进一步加深。黄村现存的21处古建筑中,除“进士第”以及4户老宅尚有人居住照看外,其他古建筑基本处于“被遗弃”状态。如建于清朝康熙年间的“中宪第”,在20世纪90年代得到修缮以后,至今未再维护。这与老宅的家族成员搬迁至不同的城市、老宅空置无人打理有关。2016年商山乡政府欲出资收购此宅,但因该家族成员意见不一,收购之事尚未落实。因此,“中宪第”仍被“荒废”。

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