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按月领薪,建筑业不该例外(民生·民声)

2017-08-04 04:31:24   中国青年网

■2019年底“月薪制”全覆盖,让农民工看到根治欠薪顽疾的希望。确保这一目标的实现,不是发文件、定规划那么简单,还需要主管部门强有力的监管,需要一系列政策措施保驾护航

治理欠薪有了时间表——人社部明确,到2020年要基本实现农民工工资无拖欠。其中最引人注目的大招,是在工程建筑领域实行农民工工资按月结算,到2019年底“月薪制”全覆盖。

建筑业欠薪是个老问题。一轮轮治理、一次次攻坚,每到年关,欠薪依旧。欠薪原因林林总总,但建筑业之所以成为重灾区,跟其农民工工资支付方式大有关系。相当一部分工程建筑行业的农民工,不是按月领取工资,而是等到年底或者工程完工时由雇佣方集中支付,有的每月能领到很少一点生活费,有的只是“包吃住”。这种集中支付的方式增加了欠薪风险,也使讨薪变得格外艰难。

《劳动法》规定:“工资应当以货币形式按月支付给劳动者本人”。《劳动合同法》也对工资按月支付再次予以强调。建筑业农民工无疑应被纳入“按月足额支付工资”这一刚性范畴。道理明明白白,为何现实中却成了例外?有关机构曾对建筑企业做过调研,“用工特殊性”是其拒绝“月薪制”的主要理由。在多数行业,用人单位与劳动者直接签订劳动合同并付薪;劳务派遣人员虽然不直接与用人单位签劳动合同,但有劳务派遣公司统一管理。建筑领域则不同,普遍采用“包工头式用工”,导致建筑企业作为用工主体,通过层层转包和劳务分包,将原本应承担的按月支付薪酬、签订劳动合同等法定责任,最终“转嫁”到一些不规范的劳务公司或者包工头身上,进而“架空”《劳动法》中关于工资支付的种种规定。在此链条上,业主、开发商、承建商、分包商、劳务公司、大包工头、小包工头、带班之间,又存在着复杂的利益关系,常常是一层欠一层,拖欠工程款与拖欠农民工工资交织在一起,成了一笔“糊涂账”。

“明白理”遇到“糊涂账”,不管这笔账多么盘根错节、有多少历史原因、甚至已是“既成事实”“行业潜规则”,都不应成为“明白理”让步的缘由。

一来,“既成事实”不等于就是合理的。建筑业主管部门多年前就明文要求建立规范的建筑劳务分包制度,让农民工主要由劳务企业或其他用工企业直接吸纳,基本禁止“包工头”承揽分包业务。这一规定未能很好落实是非常遗憾的,但不能反过来以此作为延续“包工头式用工”的借口。

二来,建筑企业“月薪制”已在部分城市尝试推广,不仅欠薪现象大为减少,也没有影响到建筑工程的用工需求和正常施工。建筑领域实行“月薪制”,完全可行。最重要的是,法律赋予农民工“按劳取酬”的权利、用工单位“依法按月支付劳动者工资”的基本义务,无论什么样的行业、企业都必须严格执行,这涉及法律的尊严、制度的公信力,不容打折扣。

2019年底“月薪制”全覆盖,让农民工看到根治欠薪的希望。确保这一目标的实现,不是发文件、定规划那么简单,还需要主管部门强有力的监管,需要一系列政策措施保驾护航。此次集中治理欠薪,主管部门同时要求建筑领域农民工实名制用工、建立工资支付专用账户、在建工程缴存工资保证金……一整套“组合拳”发力,相信“明白理”打败“糊涂账”指日可待。

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