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双姓同祠乡村“和文化”的生动诠释
2017-08-05 04:34:05 中国青年网
湘南琵琶岗村萧氏家谱 光明图片
安徽黟县黄村古宅马头墙 光明图片
湘南琵琶岗村古建筑 光明图片
【走进古城古镇古村落·调研札记】
编者按
古城、古镇、古村落承载着历史和人们的记忆,是文明与发展的见证,也是中华传统文化的重要组成部分。它们中大多数保留着天人合一的空间格局和自然景观,成为中国人安放乡愁的载体。近年来,党和政府以及社会各界越来越重视古城、古镇、古村落的保护和发展,但仍有许多古城、古镇、古村落遭到不同程度的自然和人为破坏。近日,中南大学中国古村落文化研究中心和中南大学法学院组织暑期田野考察团,分赴10多个省区市,对我国古城、古镇、古村落的保护现状进行调查。今天,本版将考察团在调研中的部分札记分享给读者,从中窥探我国古城、古镇、古村落保护的现状与出路。
琵琶岗村地处湘南宁远县禾亭镇,始建于明末清初。村落距离宁远县城约19公里,全村251户,其中萧姓人口占八成,刘姓人口占二成。琵琶岗村曾是湖南永州通往广州古盐道上的重要村落,富贾云集,村内曾一度流传“琵琶岗,琵琶岗,银子做栏杆”的说法。目前该村完整地保存有200多栋清式“青砖、小青瓦、马头山墙”古建筑,占地约3万平方米,“有堂皆设井,无宅不雕花”是对该村古建筑的生动写照。
1.异源同流:信义精神凝结的宗族力量
琵琶岗古祠堂依地势而建,分为上、中、下三个不同的功能厅。进入祠堂后,首先映入眼帘的是大门上悬挂的“异源同流”牌匾。进入大门即是下厅,主要为“水月镜花”古戏台。穿过戏台即是祠堂中厅,中厅供奉着萧、刘两姓先祖牌位。上厅供有“关公”塑像,琵琶岗村每年正月初二都会举行隆重的仪式祭拜关公,以求“生意兴隆,财源广进”,同时也是为了祭奠刘萧两姓家族开基始祖共同建村的豪义之举和信义精神。
每年清明节和春节等重大节日,琵琶岗村村民都会在祠堂举行祭祖仪式,平时如果村中遇到婚丧之事,也会在祠堂中聚餐、表演祁戏。
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