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资本压力较往年更大 商业银行掀千亿级“补血”潮

2017-08-04 10:07:54   中国经济网

在持续增加的资本补充压力下,商业银行通过多渠道为其自身“补血”的步伐从未停止。一方面,今年以来,多家上市银行已经酝酿通过可转债和股票定向增发方式来补充资本;另一方面,优先股和二级资本工具作为银行补充资本的主要外部渠道,也发挥着重要作用。

资料图:山西太原,银行工作人员正在清点货币。中新社记者 张云 摄

业内人士表示,目前,虽然实体经济增速回升,但银行体系补充资本的内生动力尚未完全修复,息差和资产质量等因素都将对银行发展产生重要影响,银行资本补充需求仍然迫切,尤其是受到监管趋严的影响,今年银行资本的补充压力相对以往年份明显要更大一些。

划重点 上市银行超千亿可转债待发

7月29日,据平安银行拟公开发行不超过260亿元A股可转换公司债券(以下简称“可转债”)的预案,该行此次发行的可转债每张面值100元,按面值发行,存续期限为发行之日起6年,可转债转股后用于补充核心一级资本。此次发行预案尚需股东大会审议,以及银监会和证监会审批。业内人士预计,该可转债预计在今年年底或明年年初完成发行。

今年3月,光大银行300亿元A股可转债完成发行。与此同时,多家银行的可转债发行均在进程中。6月9日,江阴银行获银监会批准发行20亿元可转债;6月16日,民生银行股东大会通过发行500亿元可转债的预案;6月21日,常熟银行获银监会批准发行30亿元可转债;7月5日,无锡银行30亿元可转债获证监会受理;7月11日,中信银行获银监会批准发行400亿元可转债。而在去年12月,江苏银行股东大会也通过了发行12亿元可转债的预案。据不完全统计,上市银行未来将发行的可转债规模将达到1252亿。

银行外源性的补充资本金渠道,主要包括发行普通股(IPO、定增、配股),发行优先股、发行资本债券、发行可转债等。由于可转债本身不能补充资本,它只有转变为普通股后才能补充资本,因此可转债其实并非银行在补充资本时比较普遍的选择。

评级机构东方金诚首席分析师徐承远在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时表示,发行可转债条件相对苛刻,且可转债从公告预案到完成发行一般需要一年左右时间,加上发行后六个月内不能转股,真正补充资本也要一年半以后。同时,需要银行的股价高于约定的转股价格时,投资者才会选择转股,因此存在不确定性。

不过,值得注意的是,今年2月,证监会发布了《关于引导规范上市公司融资行为的监管要求》,这项监管新规一定程度上对可转债发行产生了一定的“鼓励”作用。徐承远表示,这一新规对上市公司申请增发、配股、非公开发行股票作出诸多约束,对发行可转债则暂未涉及。同时,对比定增、配股等其他资本工具,可转债发行更方便、发行风险更小。

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