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国企杠杆率降幅不大 专家:“稳”中纠正杠杆错配

2017-07-24 14:58:36   中国青年网

日前召开的全国金融工作会议重申稳妥推进去杠杆,并将国有企业去杠杆作为重中之重。专家认为,经济去杠杆的核心是把握稳中求进总基调,在“稳”中纠正杠杆错配,逐步达成由局部到总体的去杠杆目标。破解国有企业高杠杆困境,迫切需要从效率改进入手,优化企业债务资金配置,果断打破刚性兑付,坚决关闭“僵尸企业”,缓释杠杆率风险。

政府部门杠杆率下降

国家资产负债表研究中心数据显示,目前实体经济部门杠杆率有所上升,政府部门杠杆率有所下降,非金融企业部门杠杆率又有所抬头。一季度,包括居民、非金融企业和政府部门的实体经济杠杆率由去年末的234.2%增加到237.5%,增幅为3.3个百分点,主要是居民和非金融企业部门的杠杆率上升所致。

国家金融与发展实验室理事长李扬认为,居民部门杠杆率进一步上升的主要原因是房地产交易量的上升,居民住房按揭贷款快速增加。具体来看,居民部门杠杆率从去年末的44.8%上升至一季度末的46.1%,上升了1.3个百分点。居民部门贷款的同比增速达到25%,中长期贷款的增速更是达到31%。

针对政府部门杠杆率有所下降的现象,国家资产负债表研究中心主任张晓晶认为,政府杠杆率水平短期有所下降,不宜过度解读。政府债务主要以国债为主,而财政部的国债发行历来集中于每年的后三个季度。地方政府债务微弱去杠杆可能与中央政府类似,基础设施建设资金来源进一步多样化,使得一季度地方政府通过PPP等方式的非债务融资规模有所发力,同时地方债发行规模也有所下降。

国企杠杆率降幅不大

全国金融工作会议提出,把国有企业降杠杆作为重中之重。李扬表示,将降低国有企业杠杆放到核心位置,问题抓得越来越准、越来越实、体现了对于去杠杆的实践与认识不断深化的过程。

财政部披露的数据显示,一季度末,全国国有及国有控股企业负债总额约90万亿元。根据国家资产负债表研究中心了解的国资部门经验,其中带息负债约占80%,即72万亿元,而估算的非金融部门债务总额约为120万亿元,表明国有企业债务约占全部企业债务的60%。

从不同所有制类型资产负债率水平看来,国有企业高居各类型之首。自提出降杠杆的工作任务以来,全国国有企业资产负债率仅从2015年9月的66.3%高点轻微下降至今年5月末的65.8%,下降的幅度不大。

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