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韩又炒PM2.5来自中国 中国专家:大气污染需各国共同治理
【环球时报记者 邢晓婧刘扬 环球时报特约记者王伟】韩国相关部门与美国航空航天局的联合调查报告宣称,韩国空气中的细微颗粒物(PM2.5)“超过三成来自中国”。近年来,韩国不断公布类似的单方面调查报告,引起韩国民众对中国空气污染的强烈不满,甚至有人要求向中国“索赔”。但这样的调查真的科学吗?应对大气污染需要怎么做呢?《环球时报》记者23日就此请教了多名环境专家。
“一个老生常谈的问题”
据韩联社19日报道,韩国环境部和国立环境科学院日前与美国航空航天局进行了韩国空气质量联合调查。今年5-6月,美方多次出动DC-8飞机在韩国首尔奥林匹克公园上空执行观测任务。结果显示,在该地区观测的细微颗粒物中,48%来自海外,52%来自本土。来自海外的细微颗粒物中,34%来自中国(山东22%、北京7%、上海5%)。针对“雾霾为何更多产自韩国国内”,韩国国立环境科学院负责人称,5-6月是中国雾霾对韩国影响较小的时期,若调查在供暖的冬季进行,结果“可能会不同”。
中国科学院大气物理研究所研究员王庚辰23日接受《环球时报》记者采访时称,这是一个老生常谈的问题,韩国、日本等国媒体都曾指责中国大气污染物漂洋过海影响他国环境。从地理位置来看,中国境内产生的大气污染物漂流至日韩的现象一定程度上确实存在。但是受大气环流的影响,日韩的大气污染物也会漂流到中国。这就好比北极的污染物,既有来自美国、俄罗斯、加拿大等国的,也有来自中国大陆的。
王庚辰解释说,污染物中比较重的颗粒物会逐渐沉降,但PM2.5、硫化物等在大气中滞留时间很长,可随着空气流动“全球旅行”,因此很难精准鉴定韩国的大气污染物来自何方。
中国国家气候中心研究员任国玉23日接受《环球时报》记者采访时称,如果美韩报告提及的细微颗粒物是以粉尘为主的话,这个结论倒有可能,但问题是这种污染物并非人为的。在自然情况下,中国西北、蒙古以及中亚地区地表的尘土被风刮入空中,就会在高空随气流传播到朝鲜半岛或者日本,这与中国北方的人类活动关系不大。韩国、中国华北和西北地区均处于西风带,特别是春季和冬季,地面刮起的尘土会随着西风一路向东,随气流传播到朝鲜半岛或者日本,甚至可以到达格陵兰、美国西部以及加拿大。这是早在几百万年前就形成的自然现象,在格陵兰冰芯里,科学家发现两万多年前来自亚洲的粉尘沉积速率甚至比今天高出十几到几十倍。因此这笔账不能算在现代中国人头上。
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