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中国文昌航天发射场承载“航天梦”新使命

2017-07-02 18:02:36   新华社

新华社海口6月22日电题:箭指群星的“神弓”:中国文昌航天发射场承载“航天梦”新使命

新华社记者伍鲲鹏、白国龙

2017年初夏,搭载我国自主研发的实践十八号卫星的长征五号遥二火箭,将在海南文昌航天发射场迎来它的第二次发射,箭指群星的“大地神弓”将再次拉开。

“俱怀逸兴壮思飞,欲上青天览明月。”在酒泉、太原和西昌,中国航天人不断将飞天梦想推向新高度。但由于铁路隧道直径等限制,直径超过3.5米的火箭无法运抵内陆基地进行发射,建设一座大型的低纬度滨海发射场成为现实的需求。

为适应中国航天事业的可持续发展,2007年,经国务院、中央军委批准,在海南文昌建设我国新型航天发射场。2009年9月,正式开工建设。在攻克地基止水、建筑抗风、防腐防雷等一系列工程难题,攻克新型运载火箭推进剂贮运、加注、控制等技术难关后,2016年,一座高度信息化和自动化的现代航天发射场最终建成。

与酒泉、太原、西昌三大发射场相比,文昌航天发射场具有天然的海上运输优势,使我国长久以来火箭、航天器仅靠陆地运输的方式得以改善,使今后更大直径重型火箭的运输成为可能。

“文昌航天发射场是我国目前规模最大、特色最显著、技术最先进、发射能力最强的发射场。”曾任长征五号运载火箭首次飞行任务发射场区指挥部副总指挥长的易自谦表示,这是我国第一座沿海滨建设的发射场,与国内现有的三个发射场形成了沿海内陆相结合、高低纬度相结合、各种射项相结合的科学布局。

文昌航天发射场占地16000余亩,紧靠海岸。远望发射场,2座被四个避雷塔环绕的固定发射勤务塔最为引人注目。离海岸最近的“大个子”塔架距海边仅600米,用于发射长征五号运载火箭。而另一座“小个子”塔架离大海稍远,用于发射长征七号运载火箭。

在为期数年的建设过程中,两座塔架经历了各种考验。2013年11月,台风“海燕”登陆文昌,正在施工的发射塔回转平台失去控制,最后安装人员顶着狂风用自己的双手将其成功收拢。2014年7月,超强台风“威马逊”在文昌登陆,虽然风力远超12级的塔架抗风上线,但塔架牢牢扎根大地,主体安然无恙。

走进发射场,第一个映入眼帘的建筑就是高大的垂直总装测试厂房。测试厂房总高度达99.4米,地上14层,总建筑面积21250平方米。它拥有众多“之最”:亚洲最大的钢铁之门、中国单层最高的厂房、中国最高的桁架安装。

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