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央视网消息:来自国防科工局、国家航天局的消息,经研究决定,将瞄准7月2日,在海南文昌航天发射场发射长征五号遥二火箭。7月1日下午四点半,长五遥二火箭开始加注燃料。 长征五号火箭从点火起飞到最后送卫星进入预定轨道,需要大约1800多秒的时间。在这个过程中,火箭需要卸货减重、不断变身,才能最终完成运送卫星的任务。这一次长征五号火箭的飞天过程到底是怎样的?它和我国现有的运载火箭又有什么样的区别?
长征五号中间的主体部分是由上下两级火箭构成的,箭体周围捆绑着四个助推器、头顶的位置就是包裹航天器的火箭整流罩。在它近900吨的体重当中,有90%都是液体推进剂的重量。
航天科技集团一院长征五号总体主任设计师 何巍:“火箭点火以后,首先我们的燃烧系统会工作。这样的话我们在火箭尾部能看到小火箭的工作,它会等待发动机点火前排出来的热氢,要把这股热氢给烧掉,在3秒钟的时候,平台上面就会有一团火。”
长征五号点火的头几秒,就跟以往型号火箭有着很大的不同。由于长征五号主体采用了零下252摄氏度的液氢作燃料,比发动机壳体温度低得多,所以最先进入发动机的氢就会升温,变成专家所说的“热氢”。
液氢燃烧试验
航天科技集团一院长征五号总体主任设计师 何巍:“氢和空气混合以后,如果我们再去点火,那很有可能会发生爆燃,所以说我们提前要点一个小火箭等着液氢出来。我把火箭先点着,然后氢出来以后碰着火就不会发生爆轰,它是产生燃烧。大概是在8到9秒钟左右的时候,火箭的芯一级发动机和助推发动机相继正式见火。大概在9秒钟的时候,火箭能够起飞。”
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