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我国第二枚长征五号运载火箭将在7月2日发射升空

2017-07-02 08:02:34   新华网

新华社文昌7月1日电 题:又一枚“胖五”要上天,快来划重点!

新华社记者令伟家、白国龙、陈曦、赵叶苹

记者1日从国防科工局、国家航天局获悉,我国第二枚长征五号运载火箭1日下午在中国文昌航天发射场开始加注推进剂,按计划,火箭将在7月2日发射升空。

这是继2016年11月首飞之后,长征五号的第二次太空之旅。这次长征五号上天要干什么?和首飞相比有哪些新亮点?未来还有哪些计划?

为什么“胖五”发射这么受关注?

此前我国液体运载火箭的箭体直径大多为2.25米或3.35米,而长征五号箭体直径达到了5米。相比过去“苗条”型的火箭,长征五号被人们昵称为“胖五”。

“胖五”是我国目前技术难度最复杂、运载能力最大的新一代运载火箭。它由中国航天科技集团公司一院抓总研制,实现了我国液体运载火箭直径由3.35米至5米的跨越,标志着我国运载火箭实现升级换代。

火箭是目前人类进入太空的最主要交通工具。作为中国长征系列火箭中的“大块头”,“胖五”具备近地轨道25吨、地球同步转移轨道14吨的运载能力,能够将我国火箭运载能力提升两倍多。有了它,我们才能把更大、更重的飞行器送到更深远的空间。

第二枚“胖五”有啥不同?

如果说,去年“胖五”首飞,拉开了中国大火箭“从0到1”的序幕,那么此次“从1到2”,按国防科工局的说法,则意味着长征五号运载火箭工程研制将圆满收官,进入正式应用阶段。

同时,这次发射也是我国在今年下半年探月三期嫦娥五号月球探测器发射前,对“胖五”火箭的最后一次实战演练。

据中国航天科技集团公司一院有关技术人员介绍,第二枚“胖五”在首发火箭的试验基础上,进行了多项流程改进和优化设计,进一步提升了火箭的可靠性。而此次发射允许媒体进行现场直播,这本身也显示出中国航天更加自信和成熟。

搭载“乘客”:实践十八号卫星也是一大看点

第二枚“胖五”虽然是飞行验证试验,但也不空跑一趟,它的“乘客”是我国自主研发的实践十八号卫星,也是一个“大块头”。

据中国航天科技集团公司五院介绍,重达7吨的实践十八号卫星是目前我国研制的地球同步轨道发射重量最重的卫星。应用了激光通信、新型霍尔电推进等系统,将对东方红五号卫星平台的关键技术进行在轨试验验证。东方红五号卫星平台是我国自主研发的承载能力最大的新一代通信卫星平台,具有大功率、高散热、长寿命、可扩展、多适应等特点,性能相比现役的东方红三号、东方红四号平台有很大提升,与国际上最先进的通信卫星平台相当。

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