新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China

“于欢”案审理对正当防卫条款适用的指导意义

2017-06-23 20:42:35   央视网

二、如何判断正当防卫前提条件。我国刑法对作为正当防卫对象的不法侵害的范围规定较为宽泛,不仅包括侵害人身权利的不法侵害行为,还包括侵犯财产以及其他权利方面的不法侵害行为;不仅包含犯罪行为,还应包含违法行为,故不能将不法侵害片面理解为暴力不法行为。但是在司法实践中,确实存在一些不法行为,如侵犯知识产权、生产销售伪劣商品、贪污贿赂等违法犯罪行为,其不法行为通常不具有攻击性、破坏性、紧迫性,且通过报案、控告、举报可以有效实现对相关权益的救济,如果将其纳入正当防卫的对象,不仅将原本可以通过平和方式解决的问题诉诸暴力,造成更大权益的受损,并且因相关行为性质界定中的争议,可能导致防卫错误。所以,基于正当防卫的“应急性”,应当对防卫对象作出必要的限制解释,也就是要判断不法行为是否具有攻击性、破坏性、紧迫性,从而确定是否存在防卫必要。如,对非法拘禁行为,其因限制人身自由,具有侵害的紧迫性,可以成为防卫对象。对侮辱行为,如果仅限于言语辱骂,侵犯人格尊严程度较轻,且仅涉及精神层面的权利侵害,不应成为被防卫的对象;而对肢体侮辱,同时伴有非法拘禁、轻微殴打行为,同时侵害他人人格名誉权、人身自由权以及健康权等,当然可以成为防卫的对象。对多个交替、间隔或连续实施的不法侵害行为,应当从整体上评价防卫必要性,即便个别不法行为违法程度较轻,或间断停止,但全部不法侵害并未完全终止,且被害人仍面临不法行为继续侵害的危险时,应认定不法侵害仍然存在。我们看到,“于欢”案二审裁判文书坚持了以上观点,对司法实践认定正当防卫前提条件具有重要指导意义。当然,对认定不法侵害是否存在的标准,如,对不法侵害状态是否结束,是以被害人主观认识为标准,还是以客观上不法侵害是否现实存在为标准,这些问题,在学术界还有进一步研究、探讨的空间。

三、如何判定正当防卫是否明显超过必要限度。对正当防卫的必要限度,理论界存在两种主流观点,基本相适应说认为,正当防卫的必要限度,是指防卫行为必须与不法侵害总体相适应;必需说认为,是否超过必要限度,应从防卫实际需要出发,进行全面衡量,应以有效地制止不法侵害的客观实际需要作为防卫的必要限度。笔者认为,这两种观点不是对立的,而是相辅相成,可以综合考虑的。正当防卫的必要限度,不仅是指防卫行为是制止不法侵害所必需的,而且防卫行为的性质、手段、强度及造成的损害应当与不法侵害行为的性质、手段、强度及可能造成的损害基本相适应。判断必要限度,不可能脱离每个案件的具体情况。要根据具体案件中双方行为的性质、手段、强度、人员多少与强弱、现场所处的客观环境与形势进行全面分析。就“于欢”案而言,于欢在其母子人身自由遭受限制乃至剥夺、人格权遭受言行侮辱侵犯、身体健康权遭受轻微暴力侵犯,加害人人数众多但未使用工具,警察已到场后又离开但尚在附近的情况下,为制止不法侵害,摆脱困境,使用致命工具捅刺被害人,造成一死、二重伤、一轻伤的严重后果。二审裁判文书对此作出全面评判,一方面,结合防卫人面临的冲突烈度和环境情势,对防卫行为的手段、方式和强度是否为制止不法侵害所必需进行了评判;另一方面,对防卫行为所损害的法益与保护的法益种类、大小进行了权衡、比较。在此基础上,对于欢的行为是否超过必要限度进行了全面、客观的评价,认为于欢的行为属于防卫过当,这对司法实践在认定正当防卫限度方面具有重要的借鉴价值。

四、对防卫过当如何定罪量刑。防卫过当的罪过形式,理论上一般认为主要是过失,也有间接故意。具体到本案,于欢在主观上应是间接故意的伤害,其中对不法侵害人杜志浩的反击行为属于伤害致死,因此全案定性为防卫过当下的故意伤害罪是正确的。对防卫过当构成犯罪的,刑法第20条第2款规定“应当负刑事责任,但是应当减轻或者免除处罚”。考虑到本案之过当行为造成一死、二重伤、一轻伤的严重后果,对于欢不宜免除刑事处罚,而应当减轻处罚。至于减轻到什么幅度,由于考虑到于欢行为虽构成防卫过当,但系因被害人有重大过错,导致其精神紧张、情绪失控而处置过当造成的违法后果,所以对其所实施违法行为非难的程度应当降低,应显著减轻其责任。二审法院综合考虑于欢犯罪的事实、性质、情节和危害后果,判处其有期徒刑五年,笔者认为是适当的。这对今后司法实践处理类似案件,同样具有借鉴价值。

原标题:“于欢”案审理对正当防卫条款适用的指导意义

上一页2/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170623/30816627_2.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/05/19 21:11:05

Powered by China
China