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于欢案二审判决书“详解”为何认定防卫过当

2017-06-23 11:26:28   新京报

新京报快讯(记者王梦遥)6月23日上午,山东省高级人民法院公开宣判上诉人于欢故意伤害一案,于欢由无期徒刑改判5年有期徒刑。记者注意到,对于为何认定于欢的行为属于防卫过当,判决书中做出了说明。

庭审现场

判决书显示,经查,案发当时杜志浩等人对于欢、苏银霞实施了限制人身自由的非法拘禁行为,并伴有侮辱和对于欢间有推搡、拍打、卡项部等肢体行为。当民警达到现场后,于欢和苏银霞欲随民警走出接待室时,杜志浩等人阻止二人离开,并对于欢实施推拉、围堵等行为,在于欢持刀警告时仍出言挑衅并逼近,实施正当防卫所要求的不法侵害客观存在并正在进行。于欢是在人身安全面临现实威胁的情况下才持刀捅刺,且其捅刺的对象都是在其警告后仍向前围逼的人,可以认定其行为是为了制止不法侵害。故原判认定于欢捅刺被害人不存在正当防卫意义上的不法侵害确有不当,应予纠正;对于欢及其辩护人、出庭检察员所提于欢的行为具有防卫性质的意见,本院予以采纳;对被害人及其诉讼代理人提出的相反意见,本院不予采纳。

关于上诉人于欢的行为是否属于特殊防卫,判决书显示,根据刑法规定,对正在进行的行凶、杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架以及其他严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪,公民有权进行特殊防卫。但本案并不存在适用特殊防卫的前提条件。

经查,苏银霞、于西明系主动通过他人协调、担保,向吴学占借贷,自愿接受吴学占所提10%的月息。既不存在苏银霞、于西明被强迫向吴学占高息借贷的事实,也不存在吴学占强迫苏银霞、于西明借贷的事实,与司法解释有关强迫借贷按抢劫罪论处的规定不符。

关于上诉人于欢的防卫行为是否属于防卫过当,根据刑法规定,正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的,属于防卫过当,应当负刑事责任。评判防卫是否过当,应当从不法侵害的性质、手段、紧迫程度和严重程度,防卫的条件、方式、强度和后果等情节综合判定。

判决书显示,根据本案查明的事实及在案证据,杜志浩一方虽然人数较多,但其实施不法侵害的意图是给苏银霞夫妇施加压力以催讨债务,在催债过程中未携带、使用任何器械;在民警朱秀明等进入接待室前,杜志浩一方对于欢母子实施的是非法拘禁、侮辱和对于欢拍打面颊、揪抓头发等行为,其目的仍是逼迫苏银霞夫妇尽快还款;在民警进入接待室时,双方没有发生激烈对峙和肢体冲突,当民警警告不能打架后,杜志浩一方并无打架的言行;在民警走出接待室寻找报警人期间,于欢和讨债人员均可透过接待室玻璃清晰看见停在院内的警车警灯闪烁,应当知道民警并未离开;在于欢持刀警告不要逼过来时,杜志浩等人虽有出言挑衅并向于欢围逼的行为,但并未实施强烈的攻击行为。即使四人被于欢捅刺后,杜志浩一方也没有人对于欢实施暴力还击行为。于欢的姑母于秀荣证明,在民警闻声返回接待室时,其跟着走到大厅前台阶处,见对方一人捂着肚子说“没事没事,来真的了”。

因此,法院认为,于欢面临的不法侵害并不紧迫和严重,而其却持利刃连续捅刺四人,致一人死亡、一人重伤、二人轻伤,且其中一人即郭彦刚系被背后捅伤,应当认定于欢的防卫行为明显超出必要限度造成重大损害。

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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