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近东救济工程处:尽快采取政治措施解决巴勒斯坦难民危机

2017-06-20 13:09:57   国际在线

联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处发言人萨米•穆沙沙

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 颜旭、孙伶俐):20日是“世界难民日”。近年来,难民问题日益严重,引起了国际社会的极大关注。其中巴勒斯坦难民问题已经持续了69年,是目前持续时间最长的难民问题。为了了解巴勒斯坦难民问题的现状,记者近日专访了联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处(简称近东救济工程处)发言人萨米•穆沙沙。他呼吁尽快采取政治措施来解决这一旷日持久的危机。

1948年5月15日,第一次中东战争爆发,大批巴勒斯坦人被迫离开家园,沦为难民。后来,巴勒斯坦人将这一天定为民族“灾难日”。联合国大会1949年12月通过决议,决定建立联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处。其发言人穆沙沙介绍说:“近东救济工程处1950年开始运转,当时登记注册的1948年战争后的巴勒斯坦难民为70万。但是随着人口不断增长,现在有500多万注册难民。但这还不是巴难民的总数,因为有很多人不愿登记姓名。近东救济工程处认可的难民营有58个,也还有很多难民的居住点或者说非正式的难民营。我们虽然不认可,但仍向其提供服务。”

近东救济工程处对难民实施救济的工作区主要涉及5个国家或地区。其中在约旦的巴勒斯坦难民最多,有200多万,其后依次为加沙地带、约旦河西岸、叙利亚和黎巴嫩。穆沙沙指出,大部分难民处于贫穷或赤贫的状态,被边缘化。在一些地方,难民的公民权和经济权力,甚至基本的生活权利,很多都被剥夺了。在战乱地区,一些难民被杀或失踪。在介绍约旦河西岸和加沙地带的难民状况时,穆沙沙说:“自1948年起,巴难民流离失所,无家可归,生活变得一片黑暗。以色列1967年占领了加沙地带、约旦河西岸和东耶路撒冷,占领已经持续了50年,巴难民付出了沉重代价,经济和生活状况很困难,失业率很高,贫穷肆虐,无力改变命运。以色列的镇压措施极其严厉,约旦河西岸建立的巨大隔离墙剥夺了难民们的生计来源,对加沙的封锁已长达10年。从1948年‘灾难日’后实施的各种惩罚性措施已长达近70年,使加沙和约旦河西岸难民的生活困难重重,没有保障,未来看不到希望。”

近东救济工程处的宗旨是为巴勒斯坦难民提供帮助、保护和支持,直到找到难民问题的公正解决办法。目前有工作人员3万多人,其中2万8000人本身就是巴勒斯坦难民。在 “世界难民日”到来之际,近东救济工程处启动了“我们依旧是难民”的声援运动,聚焦约旦河西岸和加沙地带被以色列占领50年期间的巴难民状况,还举办了“加沙被封锁10周年”的宣传活动。回顾近东救济工程处过去67年的工作,穆沙沙说:“我们在黎巴嫩、约旦、约旦河西岸、加沙地带和叙利亚开办了700所学校,为50万巴勒斯坦学生提供教育服务,在8个教育中心和学院提供高等教育。在143所大型卫生保健中心提供非常重要的初级卫生保健。我们向特困家庭提供救济,包括食品、工作机会等。我们在1990年开始实施一项计划,向难民提供小额和中等额度的贷款,帮助他们发展经济。我们还向巴难民提供保护,这不是容易的事。当你生活在占领之下,当战争在叙利亚爆发,我们仍向巴难民提供各种形式的保护。”

穆沙沙坦承,在过去十多年中,战争等因素导致叙利亚、伊拉克和利比亚等国出现了上千万的难民,使难民问题变得更加复杂。他举例说,内战使叙利亚遭到很大破坏,大量叙利亚人沦为难民,使在叙的巴勒斯坦难民状况变得极端恶劣,迫使很多人再次流亡到其它国家。目前在叙利亚还有约48万巴勒斯坦难民,其中一大半流离失所,状况非常悲惨。穆沙沙强调,包括难民问题在内的巴勒斯坦问题仍是中东问题的核心。“解决巴勒斯坦难民问题必须要给当事人一个满意的全面、公正的政治解决方案。否则,中东地区仍将陷于危机、战争和冲突当中。所有人都坚信,中东地区实现和平的唯一途径就是解决包括难民问题在内的巴勒斯坦问题。巴勒斯坦难民问题应当作为巴以冲突政治决议的一部分来解决。现在是时候采取政治措施来解决这一旷日持久的危机了。”

穆沙沙表示,中国在中东地区发挥着关键和重要的作用。中国和巴勒斯坦的关系始终友好,对近东救济工程处一直给予支持,希望中国发挥更大作用。

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