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特朗普首次参加北约峰会 再次提出军费分担问题

2017-05-26 09:03:08   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 史靖洪):2017北约峰会于25日在布鲁塞尔北约总部举行。北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格在会后宣布,北约将正式加入由美国领导的打击“伊斯兰国”国际联盟,但这并不意味着北约将参加战斗。他还表示,各成员国同意制定年度国家计划,以确保公平地承担各项责任。同一天,首次参加北约峰会的美国总统特朗普再次要求那些没有“达标”的成员国增加他们的军费支出。

此次峰会从下午2点半左右开始举行,一直持续到晚上9点多。峰会期间举行了北约新总部的启用仪式,其中一个环节是举行纪念美国“9·11”恐怖袭击事件和北约启动第五条规定的仪式。北约第五条规定也称集体自卫原则,其内容是:北约成员国中的一国或者多国在遭受到武装袭击时,将会被视为对有所成员国的武装袭击,所有成员国将立即援助被袭击国家。在“9·11”事件发生后,北约曾经启动了第五条款。出人意料的是,首次参加北约峰会的美国总统特朗普没有明确表明美国将继续支持北约第五条,而是直言不讳地再次提出军费分担问题。他说:“重大的安全问题使我非常直接地向北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格和盟友提出,北约成员国必须公平地做出贡献,他们的份额要达到相应的财政义务。28个成员国的23个仍然没有支付他们应该支付的军费,那是他们应该为防务所支付的费用。而这对美国的人民和纳税人而言是不公平的。许多成员国在过去许多年中已经欠下大量的资金,有的则一直没有支付。”

特朗普还说,如果北约成员国已经做了充分而全面的贡献,那么在面对恐怖主义威胁的时候将比现在更加强大。

事实上,特朗普只是延续了他在北约军费问题上的一贯态度。他曾经指责北约是一个“过时的”组织,并多次要求各成员国分担军费支出。北约成员国领导人2014年在英国威尔士峰会时已经达成共识,承诺在未来10年内增加军费支出,到2024年时各成员国的军费开支都要占到本国国内生产总值的2%。但时至今日,只有美国、英国、爱沙尼亚、波兰和希腊达到了这一要求。

面对特朗普政府的强大压力,本次北约峰会将责任分担问题列为两大议题之一。北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格在会后举行的新闻发布会上说,各成员国在军费支出方面已经取得进展,在经历了长期的军费下滑后,去年已经出现了增长。他宣布:“今天,我们决定制定年度国家计划,列出各盟国打算如何实现我们在2014年共同制定的防务投资承诺。国家计划将涵盖三个主要领域:军费支出、军事能力建设和对北约行动的贡献。”

斯托尔滕贝格说,国家计划的第一批报告将于今年12月完成,并将明年2月由各国部长审查。

加强打击恐怖主义是北约峰会的另一个主题。斯托尔滕贝格说,在这方面,各国领导人就一项北约行动计划达成一致。他说,北约将继续开展在阿富汗和伊拉克的训练行动,继续为打击“伊斯兰国”国际联盟提供支持,将派出空中预警机协助改善空域管理,分享更多的信息等等。他还宣布:“我们同意北约将成为打击‘伊斯兰国’国际联盟的正式成员,而所有28个成员国已经参加其中。加入国际联盟并不意味着北约将会参与战斗。但它确实发出了我们致力于打击全球恐怖主义的坚定信号。”

北约峰会还对北约与俄罗斯的关系进行了讨论,会议明确将继续对俄罗斯实行双轨制。斯托尔滕贝格说,北约盟国不会挑起冲突,而是要预防冲突,维护和平。与此同时,北约仍然愿意与俄罗斯进行对话,以提高透明度,降低风险。

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