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特朗普赴北约:“缩水”的峰会难有突破

2017-05-26 08:11:46   新华网

新华社布鲁塞尔5月24日电 题:特朗普赴北约:“缩水”的峰会难有突破

在北约历史上,25日的北约峰会堪称非同寻常,曾一度批评北约“过时”的美国总统特朗普将与北约成员国领导人首次会晤。会议将聚焦责任分担和反恐两个议题。但此间舆论认为,峰会不会达成重大决策,主要意义在于促进美欧领导人之间的沟通。

特朗普竞选期间和上台后多次发表北约“过时”言论,对诞生于冷战时期军事集团的价值提出怀疑,认为北约不仅让美国的欧洲盟友在安全事务上“搭便车”,而且在新形势下无力应对恐怖主义威胁。特朗普这一对美欧军事联盟的质疑,让欧洲盟友焦虑不安。

冷战后,北约欧洲成员国国防支出不断下滑,美国出资占北约军费总额70%。西方国家近年来恐袭频发,安全形势不容乐观,反恐成为全球性难题。特朗普将军费分担不均和反恐力不从心视为北约的两大弊病,在这两方面施压北约变革。

实际上,特朗普对北约的看法在逐渐转变。特朗普与主要盟友英国、德国领导人及北约领导人的会见,让他认识到北约的重要性;美国防长马蒂斯、国务卿蒂勒森等强调跨大西洋同盟的幕僚对美国外交与安全政策也起到了纠偏的作用。

自1月底会见首位外国领导人英国首相特雷莎·梅后,特朗普本人和美国政府释放出“全力支持北约、坚守对大西洋联盟安全承诺”的论调,试图安抚盟友。4月特朗普在会见北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格后,更是明确表明自己改变立场,不再认为北约“已经过时”。

当然,特朗普“改口”为北约峰会的举行营造了良好氛围。此次峰会,美国意图主导议题,力促北约盟国提高国防预算,要求北约更多地参与到反恐中来。不过,双方之间的疑虑并未消散,会议取得突破性进展并不容易。

在军费问题上,多数欧洲国家短期内很难大幅提升国防预算,特别是在主要成员国中,德国的态度并不积极;在反恐问题上,北约吸取历史教训,意图训练动乱国家的当地部队来维护安全和打击恐怖主义,排除向域外出动大规模作战部队的可能。当前阿富汗的安全形势仍在恶化,北约的反恐效果有待检验。

虽然口头予以安抚,但对于美国现政府动辄以减少履行对北约的义务来施压欧洲国家增加军费的态度,欧洲盟友并不情愿配合。而且,美国的安全承诺并无助于缓解欧洲日益关切的民粹主义、难民危机和恐怖主义难题。更让一些欧洲国家忧虑的是,美国对俄政策依然模糊,直接影响到北约与俄罗斯关系,事关欧洲东部的安全环境。

特朗普治下的美国政府,究竟是怎样一个伙伴,对欧洲国家而言是一个大的疑问。德国马歇尔基金会跨大西洋问题高级研究员谢佛认为,欧洲人希望有一个尊重捍卫共同价值观的负责任的美国领导人,而华盛顿要求欧洲成为具有更强军事能力的负责任的合作伙伴,“这些期望的结果将是相互失望的”。

北约峰会以往惯例为期2天,而此次计划的时间不足半日。在这样“缩水”的会议中,北约各国领导人们难以深入探讨对俄关系、提升军事实力或是北约战略转型等重大命题,未来北约的战略走向依然处境尴尬。(记者 周珺)

(原标题:特朗普赴北约:“缩水”的峰会难有突破)

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