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“土耳其溪”天然气项目开始铺设海底管道

2017-05-09 10:18:05   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 李洁):5月7日,俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司(以下简称俄天然气公司)总裁米勒表示,“土耳其溪”天然气项目进入正式实施阶段,开始铺设俄罗斯沿岸黑海海底输气管道,该项目将严格按照原计划于2019年底完工。米勒说,“土耳其和欧洲消费者将可以获得一条新的可靠的俄罗斯天然气进口渠道”。

按照计划,“土耳其溪”项目将铺设一条天然气主管线,起于俄罗斯海岸,穿越黑海,进入土耳其西北部,然而分成两条支线,一条直接向土耳其供气,另一条陆路管道延伸至希腊,最终有望进入东南欧国家。每条管线的年输气量达157亿多立方米。黑海管道总长910公里,土耳其陆上管道长180公里。

2014年12月普京访问安卡拉时正式宣布建设“土耳其溪”项目,俄天然气公司与土耳其国家管道公司Botas签署了“土耳其溪”谅解备忘录。2015年6月,土耳其允许对该项目进行工程勘测。然而由于土耳其2015年11月击落俄罗斯战机使得双边关系恶化,两国相互进行经济制裁,同时“土耳其溪”项目暂停。

2016年夏,俄土关系回暖,该项目立即重启。2016年9月,土耳其政府表示允许俄天然气公司实施该项目建设。同年10月,俄土正式签署“土耳其溪”项目政府间协议。2个月后,俄天然气公司与拥有世界最大铺管船的瑞士Allseas公司签署铺设海底管道的合同。据悉,今年3月底,黑海管道俄罗斯段的钻探工作已基本结束。

“土耳其溪”是“南溪”管道项目的替代方案。“南溪”项目2012年开工,目的是绕过纠纷不断的乌克兰,将俄罗斯天然气过境保加利亚输往欧洲国家,并最终在2020年前停止乌克兰过境天然气项目。然而,乌克兰危机爆发后,保加利亚囿于外部压力,宣布暂停工程建设。2014年,普京果断放弃“南溪”项目,转而商谈“土耳其溪”。俄罗斯的目的不只将天然气输送到土耳其,土耳其市场毕竟有限,更重要的是借助土耳其的地缘优势,俄天然气最终进入欧洲市场。

一直以来,俄罗斯非常重视“土耳其溪”项目建设。普京在与土总统埃尔多安的多次会晤中不断推动项目实施。俄罗斯希望尽快建成该项目,成为欧洲稳定的能源供应者。

不过,从地缘政治角度来讲,俄罗斯要让“土耳其溪”顺利进入欧洲国家,将面临很多挑战,诸如欧盟对管道建设项目的严格审批等。欧盟近年来大力推动能源多元化战略,不断拓宽能源供应来源,以减少对俄罗斯油气资源的依赖。挪威天然气公司曾超越俄罗斯成为欧洲天然气市场的最大出口国。建设中的阿塞拜疆“跨安纳托利亚天然气管道”项目也为土耳其和欧洲国家供应天然气。伊朗被解除制裁后,在积极准备进入欧洲天然气市场。欧盟乐见这些国家为进入欧洲市场相互竞争。面对国际市场的激烈竞争,同时面对财政收入依然靠资源出口的现状,俄罗斯必须加快“土耳其溪”建设进度,以争取更多时间和更多可能性。

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