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建“法院+协会+权利人”协商模式

2017-04-24 04:01:00   法制日报

再者,著作权收费标准争议很大。从性质上看,音乐作品许可使用费的性质不是行政收费,不具有强制性,应当是通过协商谈判、听证公示等利益博弈程序达成妥协结果。但目前著作权集体管理组织作为规则制定者,处于明显的优势,KTV经营者既无话语权也无监督权,虽对收费标准有异议,但无有效救济途径。

转变思路终打破死循环

记者获悉,2013年之前,海曙区法院零散地受理过KTV著作权侵权纠纷案件。当时处理此类案件的思路定位于个案处理,即先组织双方当事人进行调解,调解不成的,依法判令被告停止侵权被赔偿经济损失。此种处理方式,虽然依法审结了案件,但是没有实质性解决引起纠纷的根源问题。KTV娱乐场所在经营过程中仍然未经授权使用他人享有著作权的音乐电视作品,侵权行为并未停止,权利人针对经营者的重复侵权行为,通过再次取证后可以提起第二次诉讼,使得此类案件出现死循环现象。

这样的死循环既浪费了司法资源,不利于知识产权的有效保护,对娱乐行业的长远发展也是有害无益。有鉴于此,2014年,海曙区法院受理大批KTV著作权侵权纠纷案件后,及时调整纠纷解决思路:积极协调权利人与使用人建立“法院+协会+权利人”的协商解决模式,推动代表经营业主的行业协会与代表著作权人的音集协等集体管理组织展开有效沟通和协商,在妥善兼顾各方利益的情况下,努力达成“一揽子”使用许可协议,从根本上解决双方的矛盾纠纷。

为此,海曙区法院与海曙区行业主管部门积极沟通,成功促成海曙区娱乐行业协会于2015年1月成立,辖区所有KTV娱乐企业均参与成为会员。区划调整后,新划入海曙区管辖范围的企业也加入了这一行业协会。

而对重复侵权、多次侵权的KTV企业,在综合考虑侵权性质、侵权人主观恶意程度等因素的基础上,海曙区法院进一步提高判决赔偿额度,发挥裁决的威慑效应和示范效应,杜绝KTV经营者对有偿使用的抵触情绪和侥幸心理。

由于音集协并非所有音乐电视作品的著作权人,即使KTV经营者与其签订了许可使用协议,仍然存在被其他著作权权利人起诉的风险。为了解决KTV经营者的后顾之忧,海曙区法院要求音集协在许可使用协议中提供反担保,如KTV经营者因侵犯其他主体的音乐电视作品著作权而被诉并赔偿损失,音集协对此承担赔偿责任。目前,海曙区KTV娱乐场所与音集协的签约率达99.1%。

记者获悉,海曙区法院正在与海曙区文广局、海曙区文化经营管理行业协会积极筹划建立诉调对接工作室,试图将这套机制制度化、常态化,提高纠纷解决效率。

本报宁波(浙江)4月23日电

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