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建“法院+协会+权利人”协商模式

2017-04-24 04:01:00   法制日报

制图/孟绍群

□ 本报记者 谢台选

数字时代,音乐作品的复制权和放映权屡屡被商家“随手拿来”,音乐作品侵权问题凸显,著作权纠纷逐年增长。

《法制日报》记者今天从浙江省宁波市海曙区人民法院获悉,海曙区法院发布的《2012-2016年度KTV著作权侵权纠纷案件审判白皮书》显示,近5年,该院共受理涉KTV著作权案件843件,结案845件,结案标的额从每年十几万元飙升至近300万元。去年,该院批量调解KTV著作权侵权纠纷相关案件,被浙江省高级人民法院评为全省十大知识产权调解案例。

商业性维权致案件激增

近几年,不少音乐出版企业委托中国音像著作权集体管理协会(下称音集协)代理诉讼,发现侵权、主动维权愈加积极、规范,导致案件大量上升。白皮书透露,海曙区法院近5年受理的此类案件中,音集协作为原告的案件共601件,主要集中在2014年以后。

据了解,以音集协为原告提起诉讼的案件模式大致相同,即委托律师事务所对KTV经营场所进行公证保全,随后提起诉讼,目的主要是“以打促收”,促使KTV场所经营者向音集协缴纳著作权费用,一旦KTV经营者缴纳了相关著作权费,原告通常主动撤诉,不再坚持主张侵权赔偿。近5年,海曙区已有31家KTV经营者被诉,而至2016年,海曙区在册KTV经营企业共32家。2017年宁波市区划调整后,新划入海曙辖区的6家KTV经营者也因著作权侵权纠纷被诉。

与维权方形成明显对比的是,KTV企业经营者多为小微企业或个人挂靠,法律意识淡泊。调查发现,有45.9%的KTV业主对著作权收费法律规定不太了解或不了解。由于知识产权法律意识与观念不强,48.3%的KTV业主甚至认为,购入歌曲点唱机时其支付的点唱机费用已涵盖点唱机中所载歌曲的著作权费用,从而忽略了可能侵权的事实。

审理过程遇到不少难题

海曙区法院民四庭法官袁满君介绍说,在KTV著作权侵权纠纷案件的审理过程中,他们遭遇了不少难题。

首先,著作权人与音集协签订的授权合同期限一般为3年,3年期满后,著作权人未提书面异议的,合同自动续展。审判中,对于合同到期后,著作权人是否提出书面异议、授权合同是否自动续展法院很难审查。

其次,赔偿数额的确定存在难度。由于权利人损失和侵权人所得均很难查明,因此,目前审结的KTV著作权侵权案件均采用法定赔偿方法酌定赔偿数额。从目前适用法定赔偿的情况来看,法院裁判的主要考量因素包括涉案作品的类型、制作成本、流行程度和被告的经营规模、经营状况、侵权行为持续时间、本地区经济发展状况及原告为制止侵权所产生的合理费用支出等,而上述考量因素在实践中并无科学标准可资借鉴。

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