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清华大学原副校长谈“双一流”建设:涌现一流老师是核心任务

2017-09-22 08:07:17   中国青年网

有人通常依据各种指标体系来评价哪些大学哪些学科建设得好,多数是看论文及其被引用、被高引的数量。但此类排名只是一种信息传递,不可倚重它来评价大学和学科。

习近平总书记曾说,“只有培养出一流人才的高校,才能够成为世界一流大学”,“办出世界一流大学,必须牢牢抓住全面提高人才培养能力这个核心点,并以此来带动高校其他工作”。

所以,培养出一流的人才,涌现一流的老师,是建设“双一流”的核心任务。它要求我们培养的人才应该有历史使命感和社会责任心,富有创新精神和实践能力,具有全面发展的素质,有国际视野和创造能力,要求我们将学生的成长成才作为工作的出发点和落脚点。

“双一流”建设的实施办法中,明确规定了人才培养方面的遴选条件。具体开展起来,就是要重视评价与比较下列各项:(1)坚持立德树人,在培养环节中全程贯穿社会主义核心价值观,所有课程与培养环节都要做到全面育人;(2)有无创新人才培养模式实现协同育人,在教育创新方面成果是否显著;(3)在课程体系和教学内容改革上是否有丰硕成果;(4)学校与学科的资源配置的政策导向是否体现人才培养的核心地位;(5)人才培养的质量保障体系是否完善,学校与学科的学生培养质量如何;(6)学生的社会责任感、法制意识、创新精神和实践能力如何,人才培养的社会认可度如何。

以上列举的6个方面,可定性或半定量地评价高校在人才培养方面的成绩。问题是,有人认为人才培养质量难以定量评价,以至于对此几乎不予评价,或是只突出科研评价的权重,弱化人才培养应占的权重。

在学校层面,则可以评判一些子项,例如:学校在推动科研与教学融合方面所作的努力和成果;本科生与研究生对科研育人、科研伦理和学风教育方面的反馈;学校与学科将科研成果转化到教材与培训环节的实绩;学校在教师职称评定政策中,教学与教育改革部分与科研成果和论文发表中的认可比例是否适当。凡此等等,还可以列出多条。

除了上述的政策层面和实施层面,我们应当加强与人才培养相关的理论与认识的研究讨论与交流,诸如:(1)制定实施并不断改进关于人才培养质量的评估标准,实行定性与半定量相结合的遴选评定与成果检查与验收方法,真正重视人才培养在“双一流”建设中的核心地位;(2)在大学-学科-专业的评估与认证中真正重视学生,注意学生的学习与研究产出,注意培养质量持续改进,融合推进提高一流的本科生质量与一流的研究生质量,逐级加力,实现学科与专业质量并翼齐飞;(3)在本科生与研究生培养中,鼓励研究性学习,在研究中培养人才,在培养人才过程中引导师生“研究高深的学问”(蔡元培语)。使大学的人才培养过程中有学习有问难,在切磋研究中,师生成长,以达成一流建设的目标。

曾有教育研究者索引我国的“专业”与“学科”两个词的原意及其演变。在当今语境中,本科以专业(类)分,研究生教育以学科(门类、一级、二级学科)分。它与国际上大学和学科的分类原意多少有点儿不一致,也影响到人们对“双一流”建设的学科评价分类与本质内涵的理解。

讲人才培养和“双一流”建设,自然牵涉到什么是大学的概念和内涵。通俗地讲,大学是培养大学生(含研究生)的地方。人们常引用梅贻琦先生在1931年就职清华大学校长时演说中的一段名言,“大学者,非大楼之谓也,有大师之谓也”。后面的两句话却少有人引用,即“我们的知识固有赖于教授们的指导指点,就是我们的精神修养,亦全赖有教授的inspiration”。其实全文原意可概括为:“大学乃大师‘育才’之谓也。”解放后清华大学的校长蒋南翔倡导办大学要抓“方向、质量”,培养学生要“全面发展、又红又专”,更接近现今“双一流”建设的内涵。教育家们对办好大学培养好学生都有蕴意深刻的名言,值得“双一流”建设中借鉴。(清华大学原副校长)

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