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“双一流”政策的关键词分析

2017-09-22 07:43:10   央广网

原标题:“双一流”政策的关键词分析

统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设(以下简称“双一流”)的各项政策中,“一流”“世界”“高等教育强国”3个关键词是非常重要的。准确理解和领会其涵义与精神,对“双一流”建设至关重要。

“一流”指水平,而非层次

首先是“一流”。尽管人们可以对 “一流”的内涵从不同方面界定,包括人才培养、科学研究、社会服务、文化传承、国际交流等,但对于“一流”究竟是一个“层次”概念,还是一个“水平”概念,却有着不同认识。

严格意义上说,这里的“一流”表达的是办学水平概念,不应是层次概念。“层次”讲的是高等学校服务对象的差异,如国家重点大学,省级重点大学,地方大学等。它们在人才培养层次、服务对象、建设目标等方面是不同的。而所谓“水平”,反映的主要是大学或高等教育机构教学质量高低,特别是他们所提供的服务或产品是否能适应特定服务对象或利益相关者的需求。显然,这种“水平”对不同层次大学的涵义是不一样的。简言之,重点大学应满足国家对高层次拔尖创新人才的要求;地方大学的重点则应注重培养各种技能型人才。两者都是经济社会发展需要的,其评价标准也是不同的,不能简单比照,也不可互相替代。高层次不等于高水平,不同层次的大学都可以达到一流,学科也是如此。

因此,“双一流”建设的目标不能仅仅是高层次的大学,而应该选拔和支持高水平的大学。这样,才能真正引导高等学校提高水平,而不是追求层次。

“世界”指具体,而非抽象

什么是“世界”?这个耳熟能详的概念其实非常抽象。按照有关工具书的解释,世界只是包括一切事物,地球的所有地方,等等。然而,我们常常自觉或不自觉地把“世界”理解为欧美国家,把“世界一流”等同于发达国家的水平。其实,这也是一个有些片面的认识。应该说,世界是包含不同国家地区的一个具体概念。有一次,我带领清华大学代表团去东南亚某国访问其最主要的一所大学,向他们介绍中国高等教育改革情况,特别是清华大学的情况,包括中国建设世界一流大学的相关政策等,希望这所大学能选拔优秀学生到清华来学习。这所大学的校长却告诉我,在他们心目中,云南和广西的某些大学就已经是高水平大学了,他们与这些大学建立了密切的合作关系,每年都派遣许多留学生。这番话让我对世界一流大学的概念也有了更加具体的认识。其实,只要一所大学能够在某个特定区域具有很强的影响力和话语权,能够被这个区域的优秀青年人所向往,它就是世界一流大学。

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