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人民币汇率双向波动将成常态

2017-09-22 06:42:09   中国经济网

经济日报驻伦敦记者 蒋华栋

近期中国央行取消外汇交易风险准备金,表明中国正在积极推进人民币汇率的市场化定价。通过市场化手段维持人民币汇率的双向流动,有助于震慑单向资本流动和短期投机炒作。汇率的双向波动是人民币逐步接近和成为全球成熟货币的重要标准之一,投资者应该逐渐适应这一新环境。

日前,就近期人民币对美元汇率波动的原因、未来走势以及特点,《经济日报》记者专访了渣打银行亚洲外汇研究主管罗伯特·米尼金。

有观点认为,人民币汇率5月份以来快速上行与中间价定价机制的调整密切相关。对此,罗伯特·米尼金表示,人民币汇率近期上行核心原因是美元的弱势和中国经济基础面的改善。

罗伯特·米尼金认为,在美元指数方面,2017年一二季度美国GDP环比增速分别为1.2%和2.6%,低于市场预期,IMF已经下调对美国今明两年的经济增长预期。美国总统特朗普上任以来,执政团队不断波动,当前市场不断质疑美国政府落实此前政策承诺的能力,去年年底兴起的“特朗普交易行情”明显降温。与此同时,欧元区经济基础面不断改善,政治局势稳定且宽松货币政策部分退出的态势明显,欧元不断走强。受此影响,今年美元指数下滑了5.5%左右。同时,美元对人民币汇率与美元指数保持了高度关联性,因此也呈现美元持续走弱的态势。

更为关键的是,海外市场对中国经济的信心持续提振,这成为推升人民币汇率的关键。他表示,今年上半年中国GDP增长6.9%,这是自2011年以来首次半年度增速回升;工业增加值平均同比增长6.9%,较上年同期提高0.9个百分点; PMI均值为51.5,连续12个月处于荣枯线以上。7月份进出口数据虽然有所下滑,但是基本面因素仍然稳健。8月份的PMI前瞻数据显示,三季度中国经济依然强劲,并不会出现各方预计的大规模滑坡。这些宏观经济基础数据成为支撑人民币汇率的关键因素。

罗伯特·米尼金表示,自去年年底以来,中国政府加大了对跨境资金流动的管理,这一政策成效显著。前7个月中国非金融类对外直接投资同比下降44.3%,外汇储备连续上升。与此同时,外汇结售汇的供需更为均衡,银行代客结售汇差额不断缩小。在当前中国资本账户基本实现稳定的情况下,经常账户尤其是贸易账户的盈余成为人民币汇率上行的重要支撑。对于近期中国央行取消外汇交易风险准备金,罗伯特·米尼金认为,这一变化带来的人民币汇率回调是双向波动的一部分。这表明,中国正在积极推进人民币汇率的市场化定价。通过市场化手段维持人民币汇率的双向流动,有助于震慑单向资本流动和短期投机炒作。汇率的双向波动正是人民币逐步接近和成为全球成熟货币的重要标准之一,投资者应该逐渐适应这一新的环境。

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