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董希淼:金融服务农业“顶层设计”须完善

2017-09-21 07:32:27   中国经济网

发展农村金融是农业供给侧结构性改革的有力支撑,目前,发展农村金融存在哪些“短板”,接下来该如何着力?《经济日报》记者日前采访了中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员董希淼。

“要进一步开展农村‘两权’抵押贷款试点。”董希淼表示,目前中国农村估算可流转的土地价值约100万亿元,进一步开展农村“两权”抵押贷款试点能盘活沉睡的土地资产,为农村地区的贷款提供有效的支持。

然而,目前我国农村“两权”抵押贷款试点尚处于探索阶段,与之配套的服务较为滞后。董希淼分析,原因主要有两个方面:一是“两权”抵押物难以合理估值,目前我国尚未建立成熟的农村产权流转交易平台,“两权”抵押物估值不确定性较高;二是农村土地经营权违约处置缺乏明确规定,抵押的土地经营权缺乏政策及法律层面支持,难以变现。

从金融机构角度来看,一是其现有的业务模式和产品体系难以匹配“两权”抵押贷款客户的需要,比如绩效评价、资源配置、信贷授权等方面;二是“两权”抵押贷款在现实操作中存在较多的复杂性和不确定性,特别是资产变现方面,金融机构缺乏有效的风险防控手段和工具。

与此同时,农村金融基础设施建设薄弱,尤其是农村信用体系中还存在不少不足和问题,董希淼认为,这也阻碍了农村金融的发展。具体来看,一是信息采集困难,农民缺乏金融知识,多数通过私下民间借贷进行资金的筹措;二是信用意识淡薄,征信体系建设基础不足;三是金融机构的信贷门槛相对较高,多数农民被排除在信用体系之外。

“加大金融对农业供给侧结构性改革的支持,需要完善农村金融的‘顶层设计’。”董希淼认为,这涉及一系列的安排,包括建立农村金融评价指标,对积极开展农村金融服务给予一定的税收优惠;建立政府主导的小微信贷担保体系,改善农村金融风险补偿环境;完善农村金融基础设施和基础制度,构建农村征信体系,提升农村信用基础水平等。

董希淼还建议,尽快为农村金融立法,以法律来规范和保障农村金融。“农村金融发展对农业供给侧结构性改革全面推进具有重要作用,但目前尚无统一的农村金融法律,因此,推动农村金融立法具有紧迫性。”董希淼强调,下一步,应通过农村金融立法,构筑合理的农村金融组织法律制度,明确并加大政府支持农村金融的方式与途径,加快农村金融基础设施建设,加大农村金融制度创新和业务创新,规范农村金融市场经营行为,推动政策性金融、合作性金融和商业性金融等多元主体共同发展。(经济日报记者 陈果静)

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