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经济学家薛兆丰:警惕反垄断讨论陷入阴谋论

2017-09-20 19:32:39   中国经济网

近期是反垄断法颁布十周年。多位反垄断领域的权威学者和官员对我国新形势下反垄断法律体系的完善和创新发表了意见。

薛兆丰表示,滥用反垄断法必然会破坏竞争和创新。以电商为例,这个领域竞争剧烈,一些占有优势的平台,是消费者用脚投票投出来的;而只要它们稍有懈怠,就会失去市场优势。在这种情况下,竞争本身就是消费者最好的保护人,不应该滥用反垄断法来干扰竞争。

中国青年政治学院互联网法治研究中心执行主任刘晓春认为,互联网领域因为高度动态的竞争态势,人们发现再大的“店”也不敢随便“欺客”。互联网相关市场的边界远不如传统领域那样清晰,在此情况下,不能高估市场份额的指示作用,不可轻言反垄断。

刘晓春认为,针对互联网企业的行为,应当充分考虑互联网产业不同于传统经济的特征,给市场竞争留出足够的空间。动辄认为某类行为构成不正当竞争,甚或作出“垄断行为”的断言,都会有失轻率。

8月30日,《法制日报》发表最高法张军文章,认为对互联网经济,不能以臆想中的垄断概念来认识其规模化和集中化。互联网企业往往是通过技术创新、提高生产效率在竞争中取胜,而不是由企业之间通过相互勾结串通来影响市场,这与反垄断法意义上的垄断有所区别。

他认为,市场经济是鼓励竞争、保护竞争的经济,因此,要尽量保证行业入口的畅通,明确“保护竞争和消费者利益”是反垄断法的目标。必须站在时代发展的背景下理解反垄断法,防止反垄断法的滥用,保护新经济健康发展。

针对互联网新经济领域的反垄断问题,近日,商务部反垄断局局长吴振国在出席中国竞争政策论坛时表示,中国政府将结合互联网行业的竞争特点,处理好鼓励创新与保护竞争的关系,构建鼓励创新、包容审慎的监管制度。

而就在各方专家纷纷发表观点之际,近日,国务院法制办原副主任,国务院反垄断委员会专家咨询组召集人张穹表示,数字经济已成为推动全球经济增长的新动能,原先适用于传统行业的反垄断工具已不适用新经济。执法机构需要调整反垄断执法工具和思路,处理好反垄断与保护创新的关系。

当天是,这一高层表态也为近期学界对于“互联网平台是否涉嫌垄断”的讨论做出定论。

张穹指出,当前全面深化改革,竞争政策会继续扮演重要角色。云计算,大数据,人工智能等新兴技术为代表的数字经济成为推动全球经济增长的新动能,各地执法机构都面临数字经济领域竞争执法的新问题,由于这些新兴行业具有跨界竞争、网络效应、平台模式等特点,原先适用于传统行业的反垄断分析工具无法直接适用,执法机构需要调整反垄断执法工具和思路,正确处理好竞争执法与保护创新的关系。

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