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政治经济学是解决什么问题的

2017-09-19 16:19:50   国际在线

2014年以来,习近平总书记多次讲关于政治经济学的问题,并且提出了建构中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系的任务。为什么在当前形势下如此重视政治经济学呢?

第一,从现实需要看,这是中国成就和中国奇迹话语权建构的主体性问题。从意识形态的建构角度来讲,话语权之争实际上就是主义之争和道路之争。我们知道,中国道路是不是能够走得通,西方主流经济学的看法历来是给予否定的答案,他们认为,中国是否能够实现现代化关键是能否走西方的资本主义道路,既搞市场经济又坚持社会主义是不可能的。但是,当中国成为世界第二大经济体的事实使他们无法再否认中国道路的成功时,他们的意识形态建构很快就进行了话语转换,不再讨论是否成功的问题,而是转而讨论成功的原因,如何解释中国改革开放30余年的巨大成功,成为国际社会关注的重要理论和现实问题。

我们在中国共产党的领导下,始终坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系的指导,经过建国后接近70年时间尤其是改革开放近40年时间的艰辛探索,坚持和发展了中国特色社会主义,形成了我国独具特色的现代化道路,我们的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信和文化自信,都是在这样一个实践的基础上形成的。正如习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部“学习习近平总书记重要讲话精神,迎接党的十九大”专题研讨班开班式上的讲话中所说:“中国特色社会主义是改革开放以来党的全部理论和实践的主题。”正因为这样,我国的经济才能在世界经济普遍下滑的情况下呈现出逆势上扬的趋势。这确实是创造了一个中国奇迹。这个奇迹出现的原因是什么,中国的理论工作者,包括政治经济学研究者,必须要做出科学的解释,做出马克思主义政治经济学的回答。也就是总书记提出的要用中国话语体系来解释中国问题,要用中国理论来讲中国故事。

形成这样一种相辅相成的认识非常重要:正是因为社会主义才使得中国的市场经济与众不同。西方也是市场经济,我们也是市场经济,但是我们的市场经济正是因为社会主义体现出了与西方不一样的特质。这个不一样本身就是中国特色。这个中国特色来源于哪里呢?就来源于中国走的是社会主义市场经济的道路,是社会主义这个因素使中国的市场经济与西方不同。反过来说,市场经济使中国的社会主义与其他国家的社会主义不同,正是因为我们的社会主义走的是市场经济道路,所以与朝鲜、古巴这些目前也在走社会主义道路的国家不同。正是因为我们的改革始终坚持社会主义的根本原则,把社会主义作为市场经济的根基,实现了社会主义与市场经济的有机结合,所以我们改革的结果与苏联及东欧国家也截然不同。当然了,能够实现这种在西方人看来不可思议的有机结合,中国文化也发挥着非常重要的作用,其发挥作用的机制就是总书记讲的中国智慧的作用。这些问题都需要中国特色社会主义政治经济学做出科学回答。

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