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央行刘国强:金融服务实体经济更要勇于做减法

2017-09-15 14:46:52   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京9月15日讯(记者钱箐旎)“近年来,随着经济金融发展,金融与实体经济的关系出现一些深刻的变化,金融业增加值占GDP的比重上升较快,部分资金在金融体系内部停留时间过长,出现脱实向虚倾向。”9月15日,在2017年第六届金融街论坛上,中国人民银行行长助理刘国强表示,金融服务实体经济既要善于做加法,更要勇于做减法。

他指出,从做加法看,这是经济下行后的本能想法,在客观上也有一定的必要性。但是真正做起来,要做好也不容易。“这几年我国也探索了一些好的办法,比如推进重大项目建设,加大财政、金融政策的配合,推动政府和民间合作搞建设。又如积极探索普惠金融,创造大量金融工具,完善担保体系,创新抵押物,推动信用体系建设等。”

与此同时,在债券融资,就是直接融资方面开发了绿色债券、双创票据、扶贫票据、社会效应债券、资产证券化产品等等,也都发挥了重要的作用。初步核算,2015年到今年上半年,非金融企业债务融资工具为企业节省资金成本2000亿元。“这些加法措施在目前都是很有针对性的,在未来也必须坚持优化。”刘国强说。

在做减法方面,刘国强表示,“这几年有很多好的做法,尤其是今年以来,杠杆率降下来了,脱实向虚的问题也得到了一定的抑制,下一阶段,减法还要做,而且在一些方面要加大力度去做。”

一是把杠杆率减下来。这是服务实体经济的关键举措,在高杠杆的情况下,资产价格必然膨胀,这就导致了一方面会把资产从实体经济中吸引过去,另一方面,也会提高实体经济的经营成本,有些很好的企业因为一些地方房价大幅度上涨,也撑不住,被迫迁走了。吸引资金和推高成本这两方面相互作用,经济就必然脱实向虚了,因此要坚持稳健中性的货币政策,使杠杆率有序降下来,这是服务实体经济最重要的环节。

二是把金融乱象减下来,非法集资、乱加杠杆、乱做表外业务、违法违规套利等不但直接增加了金融风险,而且都是金融脱实向虚的途径,把这些减掉,自然就会有相当部分资金回归到实体经济当中去。金融创新是大势所趋,但也不能偏离实体经济的需要,必须认识到金融业的外部性、公共性非其他行业可比,因此凡是搞金融都要持牌经营,都要纳入监管,都要立足于服务实体经济。

三是把不符合供给侧结构性改革要求这方面的资金减下来。金融服务实体经济不是来者不拒,不能成为帮助落后产能脱困的借口,甚至成为给僵尸企业打点滴的手段。金融服务的对象必须是符合供给侧结构性改革的要求,比如对僵尸企业必须减下来,对隐性的地方政府债务必须减下来,对房地产炒作必须减下来,这样我们才能腾出资源服务于符合供给侧结构性改革要求的实体经济,才能培育出新的结构、新的动力。

“在其他一些领域也可以用做加法和做减法的思路去推动,比如说监管,我们强调统筹,要把同一件事情多头监管的现象减下来。”刘国强表示,金融业要不断增强“四个意识”,认真学习领会全国金融工作会议部署,紧紧围绕“三项任务”,增强忧患意识、战略定力和必胜信心,积极作为,狠抓落实,促进经济和金融有序、健康发展,以优异成绩迎接党的十九大胜利召开。

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