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银行业须专注主业保持稳健

2017-09-15 07:01:44   中国经济网

近期,两则“呛声”我国商业银行的消息引发社会广泛关注。一是国际评级机构穆迪将交通银行的长期/短期存款评级从A2/P-1下调至A3/P-2;二是《华尔街日报》发文称招商银行是“最危险的银行”。

笔者研读了穆迪报告、《华尔街日报》文章后发现,前者将交行特定阶段的经营策略调整放大,后者更是闹了“乌龙”,混淆表内、表外数据,立论本身就站不住脚。

一方面,市场不宜过度解读某一外部机构的评价,若要系统、全面地分析我国银行业健康状况,应看风险、盈利能力两个核心指标;另一方面,面对外界的质疑之声,我国银行业应保持战略定力,专注主业,提高风险管理能力,保持稳健、可持续发展,行稳致远。

首先,为何市场不宜过度解读穆迪的评级?穆迪下调交行评级的理由是,“与其他中国国有银行相比,交通银行融资状况更弱,在市场融资成本上行的环境中其盈利能力面临压力”。

诚然,在利率市场化、存款理财化的背景下,银行负债端成本上升已是新常态。

众所周知,银行经营具有“顺周期”特征,若利率持续下行,偏重零售业务的银行就会出现盈利能力较弱的阶段性问题;若利率急剧上升,对金融市场业务依赖度较高的银行则会受到负面影响。因此,应动态地看待评级结果,不能否认处于市场低点的业务模式存在价值。如果仅凭一家银行在某一特定时点的业绩变化就判定其面临“经营风险”,显然以偏概全、有失偏颇。

当前,各家银行均在探索差异化经营路径,其业务模式各有特色,经营策略各有侧重,若符合审慎经营的监管要求,就没有绝对的优劣之分。

从交通银行发布的2017年半年报看,其盈利水平已出现小幅回暖,截至今年6月末,该行实现归属于股东净利润389.75亿元,同比增长3.49%,较去年同期的0.9%增速有所提升。同时,交行的拨备覆盖率达151.02%,符合监管要求,风险抵补能力较强。

进一步看,盈利能力决定了银行的风险抵补能力。

监管数据显示,截至今年二季度末,我国商业银行不良贷款率为1.74%,与上季度末持平,在国际银行业中仍处在较低水平。同时,利润增速回暖,截至今年二季度末,商业银行当年累计实现净利润9703亿元,同比增长7.92%,较上季度末上升3.31个百分点。

从风险抵补能力看,截至今年二季度末,商业银行贷款损失准备余额为28983亿元,较上季度末增加747亿元;拨备覆盖率为177.2%。也就是说,如果出现1元不良贷款,商业银行已提前准备了1.77元作为对冲。

我国银行业应继续根据市场环境深化改革创新,保持战略定力,以服务实体经济为安身立命之本,盘活信贷资源,提升服务质效,既管好表内信贷,又防范表外风险,重点关注跨境、跨界、跨市场的新型风险。(于紫渲)

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