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银行仍是“最赚钱”行业 专家称利润已进入下行期

2017-09-12 17:01:14   新华网

  银行仍是“最赚钱”行业 专家称银行利润已进入下行期

中国企业联合会、中国企业家协会连续第16次“2017中国企业500强名单”10日发布。 “中国最赚钱企业前十”榜单中,排名前六位的均是银行,包括工、建、农、中、交五大行以及国家开发银行。这6家银行以超过1万亿元的总利润,占500强总利润的超过36.6%。

相比之下,同样有着中国企业500强光环的其他245家制造业企业总利润仅相当于6家银行利润的一半。这245家制造业企业,共实现净利润5493.10亿元,占500强净利润总额的19.53%。就数据来看,中国目前金融业与实业之间形成了一定的“利润鸿沟”。

对比2017年中美股市上半年报告显示,中国A股25家银行合计实现净利润7746亿元,拔得头筹,远超其他行业。非银金融、化工业分别以实现净利润1181亿元、728亿元名列二三。

美股中,软件与服务业、银行业、技术硬件与设备业以净利润3617亿元、3439亿元、2721亿元进入前三甲。综合金融业利润2435亿元,位列第四。

对此,中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员董希淼认为,中美金融业均为净利润大户,中国银行业“最赚钱”,是因为中国银行主导型融资结构更明显。而美国软件与服务业利润高,既有本土企业强的因素,也有其他国家软件企业在美国上市的因素,如中国的“BATJ”中,除腾讯外的三家均在美股上市。

在高风险与高利润并存的银行业,这种现象似乎存在着一定的合理性,但银行业与实业之间出现较大的利润差,却是一个喜忧参半的结果。

从这份500强名单和企业类别来看,银行业处于绝对优势,实体企业相对较少,业内人士认为,这“或许是中国经济‘脱实就虚’最好的印证。”

董希淼向记者表示,服务实体经济是金融业的天职,也是金融业良性发展、防控风险的根本举措。今年以来,金融“脱实向虚”势头得到一定程度的遏制,服务实体经济能力进一步增强。

纵观十年来A股市场中银行业净利占比,最低是2008年占41.22%,最高是2012年到2014年,均超过50%,其中,2013年达到53.57%的峰值。此后净利开始下行,降至今年的46%。

就金融业如何加大对实体经济的支持,董希淼称,“既要做好加法,也要做好减法”,加大对实体经济的金融服务尤其是信贷投入;减少对“僵尸企业”、“三高” 等行业的金融支持。

此外,董希淼认为,坚持金融服务实体经济,是做好金融工作的总体要求。下一步,要采取更多措施,加大对实体经济的支持和服务力度。

一方面,要进一步改善间接融资结构,把握国家宏观经济及产业政策的脉搏,在国家重大战略和产业政策调整中准确定位,如加大对“一带一路”倡议、雄安新区建设等支持。

另一方面,要立足实体经济的融资需求导向,稳妥推进主板、新三板、区域性股权交易市场等建设,协同发展分层有序、功能互补的多层次资本市场体系,支持符合条件的更多企业通过资本市场融资,提高直接融资占比,拓宽企业多元化融资渠道。

在今年7月召开的全国金融工作会议上,要求金融业回归本源,要把为实体经济服务作为出发点和落脚点,将银行业的资金向实体经济引流。 (李海霞 实习生 盛冠楠)

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