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消费金融助力股份制银行“超车”

2017-09-12 08:02:24   中国经济网

以房贷为主力的信贷零售化潮水退去后,消费贷款迅速崛起,银行业零售格局正在重塑。2017年半年报显示,信贷资源向个贷倾斜明显。但受房贷“拖累”,以往按揭业务大户——四大行个贷占比在25家上市银行排名均有所回落,而浦发、平安、中信等凭借消费金融迅速发展实现“超车”。

目前来看,多数股份行将“金融科技”(Fintech)作为零售业务的核心推动力,希望通过移动互联网入口实现场景化批量获客、降低获客成本;借助大数据、云计算、人工智能实现客户深度经营和风险控制。分析人士指出,客户使用场景的日益线上化使得竞争发生了维度上的变化,“弯道超车”在金融科技快速发展的现在变成了可能。

个贷占比排名“大挪移”

同业业务压缩之下,商业银行纷纷抢食个人零售的“蛋糕”。华创证券统计数据显示,今年上半年上市银行贷款扩张7.32%,明显高于总资产4.14%的增速。其中,信贷资源向个贷倾斜明显,上半年个人贷款较年初增长8.35%,高于对公贷款6.50%的增速;期末个贷占比35.3%,环比年初提高了0.3个百分点。

某大型股份制券商分析师告诉中国证券报记者,过去为银行主要收入来源的公司业务正受到金融脱媒的影响,同时面临利差收窄、企业信用风险增加等方面压力;另一方面,上半年银行同业业务“缩表”严重,贡献的利息差净收入持续下滑。这种情况下,零售银行逐渐成为银行收入增长的重要引擎。

从个贷余额(含信用卡)绝对数值来看,四大行优势依然明显。数据显示,四大行个贷余额一直稳居行业前列,2017年6月末四大行个贷余额占25家上市银行个贷总额约为63%。从个贷(含信用卡)占贷款总额的比例来看,四大行个贷占比较去年同期均有所增长,但在行业增速明显的情况下,四大行的排名却出现回落。

据中国证券报记者统计,建设银行2017年6月末个人贷款余额为48855亿元,个贷占比为39.06%,在25家上市银行中排名第四,较去年同期下降一位。中国银行上半年个贷增速为9.28%,较上年同期下降7.7个百分点;个贷占比为34.54%,在上市银行中排名第11,较去年同期下降三位。农业银行上半年个贷余额为36849亿元,个贷占比同比增长2.9%,排名下跌三位至第十名。工商银行上半年个贷余额为45751亿元,个贷占比较去年同期增长2.46%,由去年第十跌至第十二位。

与之形成对比的是,今年上半年,部分股份制银行重点发展零售业务,个贷占比迅速提升,甚至在排名上实现“反超”。其中排名提升最明显的为平安银行,2016年6月末其个贷占比为33.63%,这一比例在今年上半年迅速提升为41.21%,排名也由去年第六跻身第三名,仅次于招商银行和常熟银行。

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