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各地金融办将对ICO后续处置进行逐案研判

2017-09-07 07:27:32   中国经济网

□本报记者 彭扬

日前ICO被中国人民银行、中央网信办等七部门公告叫停。公告强调,ICO本质上是一种未经批准非法公开融资的行为。中国证券报获悉,各地金融办将对ICO后续处置逐案研判。业内人士表示,及时取缔ICO有助于遏制更大规模的非法融资行为,避免风险蔓延给民众造成更大的损失。

ICO本质是非法集资

今年以来,ICO融资对象在我国开始由小众渗透至大众市场,大量不具备风险承受能力和不了解区块链技术的散户型投资者蜂拥而至,积聚了大量风险。

“当前国内真正从事区块链创业的公司,仅仅15-20家。”中央民族大学法学院教授邓建鹏强调,而已经真正进入商业应用领域的区块链项目,则不超过5家,已经盈利的项目更是世上罕见。

“在向区块链专业人士调研时发现,当前高达90%以上的ICO项目涉嫌欺诈。”邓建鹏表示,ICO已经化身为非法集资的手段。这种创新型融资模式在此前没有任何相关法律规定,亦无明确对应的监管机构,发起ICO项目不需要任何监管机构审批。大部分ICO项目未设定投资者门槛,投机炒作盛行,涉嫌从事非法金融活动等多项违法行为,严重扰乱了经济金融秩序。

因此,认清ICO本质极其重要。中国政法大学互联网金融法律研究院院长李爱君认为,应从四方面来看:第一,ICO是涉众型(公募)集资,它向不特定的对象发行“代币”,此代币可以在指定交易平台上进行“T+0”式集中竞价进行交易。第二,ICO是多层次空手套白狼的把戏。第三,ICO是一种融资渠道。禁止ICO并不是禁止区块链技术,ICO仅仅是区块链的应用。第四,ICO本身不是虚拟货币。

阻断风险蔓延

邓建鹏认为,央行等监管部门出手,一是及时挤压泡沫,打击涉嫌非法集资的违法者;二是向公众提示风险,使之远离非法集资带来的冲击;三是在大量ICO项目涉嫌欺诈的前提下,及时叫停ICO,阻断风险的蔓延与扩散;四是提出要求清理整顿代币融资与交易平台,以控制风险在二级市场的传播。

值得注意的是,在央行等七部门发出公告后,比特币等价格出现明显波动。李爱君表示,此次公告是对ICO行为的禁止。目前比特币等虚拟商品并没有重新定性,因此比特币在交易平台上的价格波动并不是来自公告本身,而是来自投资者对比特币的认知及风险认识越来越趋于理性。虚拟货币是数字符号,目前各国都不承认其法偿货币地位,其中大部分国家只承认其为数字资产,如美国、中国等国家,因此其价值存在风险,极易波动。

李爱君表示,由于虚拟货币是虚拟商品,因此其价值取决于使用者、投资者等群体的认同,无信用保障,无法律保障。整体环境影响方面,政策、法律等多种不确定因素均会对其价格产生重大影响。具体的交易制度方面,没有涨跌停,没有交易时间限制,虚拟货币价格会在短时间内出现剧烈波动。

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