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高铁全面提速尚需时日

2017-08-28 06:15:45   中国经济网

上图:一位乘坐“复兴号”G123次列车的乘客在北京南站车外与列车合影。新华社记者 鞠焕宗摄 下图:乘客在上海虹桥火车站“复兴号”G124次列车内行走。新华社记者 丁 汀摄

近日,从中国铁路总公司(以下简称“铁总”)传来消息,自9月21日起,将有7对“复兴号”列车在京沪高铁率先实现350公里时速运营。这意味着,时隔6年,我国高铁迎来了350公里时速的回归。

正当人们热议这一消息时,另一条新闻给了社会更多的想象空间:从8月21日起,铁路部门扩大了“复兴号”动车组列车开行范围,在京津冀地区安排开行22.5对“复兴号”动车组列车。

高铁是否会全面提速?更为关键的是,高铁恢复350公里时速是否安全可靠?

据铁总相关负责人介绍,京沪高铁是目前世界上设计建设标准最高的高速铁路,在设计、建设、验收中全部按时速350公里标准展开,工程质量和设备设施满足时速350公里安全运行的技术规范和标准,并通过了国家验收。而且,经过6年的安全运营实践,积累了较为系统完整的安全运营管理经验。

“复兴号”是按照时速350公里运营研发制造的中国标准动车组,集成了大量现代高新技术,正式运行前已在郑徐线路上以350公里至420公里的时速运行了3个月,里程超过30万公里,获得了翔实的数据记录。

今年7月份,“复兴号”动车组在京沪高铁开展了时速350公里实车、实重和实速检验检测、可行性研究和运营安全评估,组织专家评审咨询。通过全面系统的科学论证和综合评估,证明京沪高铁满足了按设计速度350公里每小时运营要求。

从必要性角度来说,“复兴号”在京沪高铁上提速以及在其他线路上进一步扩容,是我国高速铁路建设运营长期经验积累、创新驱动发展取得的标志性成果,具有重要示范意义。

首先,能更好地满足市场需求,京沪高铁纵贯我国经济最发达的东部地区,客流需求旺盛。京沪高铁“复兴号”按时速350公里运营,将进一步缩短京沪间旅行时间,拉近沿线各城市间的距离,增强同城效应,助推区域经济社会发展。

其次,与“和谐号”相比,“复兴号”中国标准动车组构建了一个完全自主的动车组产品平台,实现了中国高速铁路动车组自主化、标准化和系列化。“复兴号”扩容,对于促进我国高速铁路可持续发展、推进高铁装备自主创新成果产业化、全面系统掌握高速铁路动车组及关键装备的核心技术,加快中国高铁“走出去”,具有重要战略意义。

不过,“复兴号”在京沪高铁提速和扩容,并不意味着我国高铁会很快全面提速。

在2011年高铁降速之前,我国曾有京津、郑西、武广、沪杭4条高铁按照时速350公里运营。此次没有选择这4条高铁,而是在京沪高铁上率先提速,更多地是从实际需求来考虑,化解京沪高铁运力紧张、“一票难求”的局面。“复兴号”扩容到京津冀,则是为了提高统一性,打造现代综合交通运输体系,促进京津冀协同发展。

据专家介绍,高铁提速是一个全面系统工程,不会一蹴而就。以“复兴号”为例,时速从300公里提高到350公里,能耗大概增加20%至30%。从京沪高铁的综合效益来看,提速既能提高出行效率、节约出行时间,也能为沿线带来更大的社会效益。但是,其他线路是否有足够的运量和经济效益,还需具体分析。

此外,我国高铁有250公里、300公里和350公里的不同速度等级,350公里只占其中的三分之一。这种情况下,是否开行“复兴号”,采用何种时速,要根据不同的地质条件、基础设施、出行需求和经济水平来综合考虑,不能一提了之。(经济日报记者 齐 慧)

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