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长沙科技助跑“复兴号”

2017-08-27 02:55:47   中国青年网

在中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,研究人员正在进行“复兴号”时速350公里的列车交会试验。 长沙晚报记者 邹麟 摄

长沙晚报记者 詹春华 实习生 谭慧乔

8月23日,“复兴号”中国标准动车组列车由京广高铁驶入长沙火车南站。据已公布的方案,从9月21日起,“复兴号”将在京沪高铁上逐步恢复350公里时速。在“复兴号”诞生和运行的过程中,有没有“长沙因素”的参与?记者日前走进中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,一探究竟。

“当然有。我们的动模型实验室、碰撞实验室,分别承担了‘复兴号’的空气动力学性能和结构耐撞性优化试验研究。”该实验室主任梁习锋教授告诉记者。

来不及眨眼,车已跑完168米

走进位于中南大学铁道校区的轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,记者立即被一个貌似高速列车的建筑物所吸引,这就是高速列车气动性能动模型实验室。走进室内,记者被眼前壮观的试验装备所震撼:两条铮亮、长达168米的平行线路两端,摆放着两列整装待发的列车,这里即将进行“复兴号”时速350公里的列车交会试验。“尽管线路、列车都是按一定比例缩小,但它能真实模拟列车交会时的空气动力学特征。”梁习锋说。

“3、2、1——出发!”随着梁习锋一声令下,原本静卧在铁轨上的“复兴号”,就像满弓上的箭一样瞬间发动,没等看清身影,它已经“呼”的一声跑完了全程,记者甚至连眼睛都还没来得及眨一下。

梁习锋告诉记者,动模型实验室主要测试列车的空气动力学性能。“就像游泳的时候会遇到水的阻力一样,列车运行的时候也会有空气阻力,而且速度越快,空气阻力越大,甚至占到所有阻力的80%以上。时速300公里以上,空气就相当于一堵厚厚的墙,列车开动就像在撞墙一样。”

为了对抗高速运行时的“空气墙”,列车需要额外消耗更多的能源。怎样才能让“复兴号”跑得更快?在模型实验阶段,专家们让“复兴号”反复进行“百米跑”,并记录每一次成绩,然后根据这份成绩单不断改进设计方案,优化空气动力性能。

经过不断优化,“复兴号”终于交上了满意的答卷:车体采用低阻力的流线型、平顺化设计,看上去像一颗水滴的剖面,空气阻力比“和谐号”大为降低。

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