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刘世锦:驱离“低端人口”会导致城市竞争力下降
2017-08-25 09:47:09 中国经济网
经济日报-中国经济网北京8月25日讯 国务院发展研究中心原副主任、中国发展研究基金会副理事长刘世锦近日在博智宏观论坛第十九次月度例会上表示,有的城市驱离所谓“低端人口”,将推高低端的人口的雇佣成本,导致城市的竞争力降低甚至城市的衰落。城市的包容性,是一个城市强大的内在需求。
刘世锦说,中国经济正进行着转型升级。制造业转型升级需要与很多生产性服务业高度融合,而后者大量聚集于大都市圈。服务业特别是生产性服务业、社会服务业已经成为中国经济增长的主要动力。如果没有大都市圈的相应发展,这样的增长潜力能不能发挥出来,中国经济能不能保持一个适合速度且有质量、有效率、可持续的增长,道理是很清楚的。所以,大都市圈发展不是一个局部问题,而是关系中国经济发展全局的大问题。
刘世锦表示,城市发展需要规划、设计、制度、政策等,政府角色重要,城市管理者的素质和能力影响很大。城市建设带来空间结构变化,出现错误后,纠错的成本很高。如何才能减少错误,顺应城市发展规律,形成城市间的竞争机制非常重要。
以往经济增长的重点是工业化,有一个地区竞争机制,看谁招商引资多,企业办的多;下一步重点转向城市化,也要有一个城市间的竞争机制,看城市能不能对人更有吸引力,能不能让人们的生活更美好。这就需要解决好两个问题,一是给地方政府,特别是城市领导人更大的自主权;二是允许人口、资金、土地、技术的要素自由流动。有了这两个条件,某个城市领导者观念跟不上,机会少、成本高,人就要朝外走,用脚投票。在人口问题上,有的城市驱离所谓低端人口,在不远的将来,对人的争夺,不仅是高端人才,也会有低端人才,尤其是对保姆、建筑工人等低端人才的争夺,因为这两者是互补的。不欢迎或者驱离低端人口,会推高低端人口的雇佣成本,导致城市降低竞争力,甚至走向衰落。
刘世锦认为,在市场经济环境中,城市发展本身是一个创新过程,也就是试错和学习的过程。有一个好的竞争机制,城市发展也会经历优胜劣汰,一批生气勃勃的城市和城市群将会脱颖而出。只有经历这个过程,那些落后的、有悖于规律的观念和做法才能得以纠正。
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