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全国657个城市人口将近5亿 这12城之和就占1/4

2017-08-25 07:52:00   中国青年网

我国城市化进程在不断加快。住建部近日发布的《2016年城乡建设统计公报》(下称《公报》)显示,2016年年末,全国设市城市657个,比上年增加1个。其中,直辖市4个,地级市293个,县级市360个。

同时,随着城市化的发展,城市人口尤其是大城市的人口不断增多,建成区面积也越来越大。《公报》显示,据对656个城市和2个特殊区域统计汇总,城市城区户籍人口4.03亿人,暂住人口0.74亿人,两者合计达4.77亿;建成区面积达5.43万平方公里,比上一年度增长约4.2%。

城市人口将近5亿

如果把时间进一步延伸到2017年,我国的城市数将明显增加。例如时隔20多年,撤县设市重新开闸,今年4月,经国务院批准,民政部密集批复四川省隆昌县、贵州省盘县、陕西省神木县、湖南省宁乡县、浙江省玉环县和河北省平泉县六个地方撤县设市。

不过,在县改市开闸的同时,不少县级市也面临着被改区的局面。随着地级市尤其是大城市的扩张,城区周围的许多县级市纷纷被改成区。近20年来,珠三角顺德、南海、三水、高明、番禺、增城、从化先后改成了区;在长三角,余杭、萧山、吴江、上虞、武进、金坛等经济发达的县级市纷纷变成了区。再比如今年8月,浙江省政府决定撤销县级临安市,设立杭州市临安区。此外,青岛辖下的即墨市,福州辖下的长乐市等县级市撤市改区也在积极推进之中。

有序的撤县设市,对于推进城镇化持续健康发展具有重要意义。例如,通过撤县设市培育发展一批中小城市,有利于促进农业转移人口就地、就近城镇化,降低人口转移成本,有利于推动优质资源向中小城市集聚,进一步优化生产力布局,有利于减轻大城市压力。

随着城市化进程加快,城市人口规模也在变大。根据第一财经记者统计,至2015年,已有36个城市的中心城区人口超过200万大关,有85个城市超过了100万大关。有4个城市城区人口超过了1000万,即北上广深,它们的城区人口合计达到了6377万。

包括北上广深在内,共有12个城市城区人口超过500万大关,合计为11478万人,约占全国城市城区人口(4.77亿)的四分之一,中心大城市的规模效应日益凸显。

随着经济进入新常态,中国的城市化逐渐向都市化演变,大型都市圈的作用日益凸显。中国社科院城市发展与环境研究中心研究员牛凤瑞对第一财经分析,中国目前城区人口超过1000万的超大城市仅有北上广深四个,未来这一数量将达到10个或以上,人口大省的省会城市都有可能发展成为超大城市。

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