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弗吉尼亚骚乱折射美国平民生活窘迫

2017-08-21 06:56:53   中国经济网

弗吉尼亚州骚乱不仅暴露了美国社会各个族群的分裂加剧,还折射出2008年国际金融危机以来美国经济不景气,工人收入增长缓慢、生活困顿窘迫,社会矛盾加剧的事实。

日前,美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市发生骚乱,举行游行示威的白人至上主义团体、极右翼分子、新纳粹分子和3K党与反对者从对峙发展到了暴力冲突。暴乱分子不仅公然打出纳粹标识,还残忍地驾车高速碾压人群,导致1人丧生,19人受伤。

此次骚乱不仅暴露了美国社会各个族群的分裂加剧,还折射出2008年国际金融危机以来美国经济不景气,工人收入增长缓慢、生活困顿窘迫,社会矛盾加剧的事实。有数据为证,从国际金融危机到现在,美国劳动参与率呈下降态势,从2008年的66.2%跌至今年7月份的63%,至今尚未恢复到国际金融危机以前水平。美劳动参与率最高的是2000年,为67.3%。

观察美国劳动力市场实际就业情况,不能仅看美国官方数据,因为其实际失业率要远高于官方统计数字。特朗普在2016年竞选时曾公开抨击奥巴马政府的失业率数据有误,称“数字和事实是两回事”。美劳动部数据显示,今年7月份失业率为4.3%,降至16年来最低。这一数据包含的失业人口中,并未统计那些已经失业达1年以上,对重新就业失去希望和兴趣的人群。据美国媒体报道,按照非主流的U-6失业率数据,加上这些长期失业及打零工的人群,7月份美国实际失业率为8.6%。

造成美国就业市场供大于求的原因,主要在于近年来美国工业制造业萎靡疲软,企业裁员,工人工资增长缓慢。过去12个月中,美国工人平均每小时工资仅增长了2.5%,略高于1.7%的通胀率。国际金融危机以来,美国白人就业情况并不理想,白人也同样遭遇裁员或低薪,其经济状况日渐恶化。与此同时,大量移民涌入,工作机会被均摊,引发了部分白人的不满,成为“白人至上主义”冒头的土壤。

与此同时,特朗普在此次事件中表态暧昧也产生了负面作用。在去年的美国总统大选中,另类右翼崛起,并成为特朗普的支持者。特朗普的竞选顾问,后来成为白宫首席战略顾问的史蒂夫·班农就曾是另类右翼媒体《布莱特巴特新闻网》的总裁。从大选至今,保守主义、种族主义、白人至上主义纷纷抬头,而且愈演愈烈,现在更是挑起了严重的暴力冲突。美国是个移民国家,平等、公正地对待每个种族是美国的核心价值观之一,种族偏执和仇恨是违背美国宪法和法律的。总统本应是展示、稳固这一核心价值观的标杆人物,但特朗普的模糊态度进一步加剧了美国社会的分裂。如果任由目前的态势持续下去,工人阶层的收入迟迟得不到改善,美国潜在的社会矛盾可能会进一步激化爆发,类似事件还可能会重演。(汪 璐)

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