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歧视残疾人的教师体检标准从何而来

2017-08-09 14:06:01   海外网

福建平潭人林传华年幼时因事故导致右手掌缺失,被认定为肢体二级残疾。今年4月,林传华参加福建省教师招考,应聘连江县小学科学教师,获笔试76.13分,面试81.74分,总成绩78.94分,在其报考岗位中排名第一。7月24日,他接到来自连江县教育局人事科的电话,对方告知,由于其体检不合格,无法录用。

福建省残联得知林传华的情况后,曾发函至连江县教育局,希望他们能本着人道主义精神,关爱残疾人。根据福建省教育厅制订的《福建省教师资格申请人员体检标准及办法》(简称《办法》),县级教育部门按省教育厅出台的体检标准执行,这从执行规定角度讲是没有问题的。这一事件的关键在于,福建省教育厅制订的《办法》就不合法,需要追问的是,当初制订这个《办法》时,是否听过省残联的意见?是不是只是由省教育厅一家出台这个《办法》?

涉及所有受教育者、劳动者平等教育和就业权利的规章、制度,究竟该怎么制订?如果有关部门各自为政,就由本部门制订有关规章、制度,完全可能出现的情况是,部门规章只是考虑部门利益,与上位法冲突,而且各部门的规章并不衔接,甚至可能打架,如此一来,维护受教育者和劳动者的平等权利就很难落地。

拿残疾人的平等受教育权和劳动权利来说,《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》第三十八条第二款规定:在职工的招用、转正、晋级、职称评定、劳动报酬、生活福利、休息休假、社会保险等方面,不得歧视残疾人。这是教育部门、劳动人事部门制订具体用人政策的基本法律依据。以此审视《福建省教师资格申请人员体检标准及办法》,显然涉嫌与上位法抵触。该《办法》第十二条规定,“两上肢不等长超过5cm,脊柱侧弯超过4cm,肌力3级以上、胸廓畸形、肢残或体残者,不合格。”这是明显歧视残疾人。该《办法》究竟是怎么出台的?在制订、出台过程中,有无其他部门比如法制办、残联等参与?如果参与了,为何没有机构、人员对这样的体检标准提出异议?

值得注意的是,林传华2011年7月从宁德师范学院毕业,取得了宁德市蕉城区颁发的《教师资格证》,具备初级中学教师资格,任教学科为物理。2011年9月至2017年,他任教于私立学校平潭翰英中学,担任班主任及初中物理组集备组组长等职务,所带班级物理成绩名列前茅,其本人于2012-2013学年获得“优秀教师”称号。这说明两点,其一,省教育厅制订的教师资格申请人员体检标准,和申请教师资格证的标准并不一致;其二,林传华的从教经历表明,他是完全可以胜任教师职务的,没有理由说公办教师的体检标准就比民办教师高。

发生这样的事件,主要责任在于省级教育部门,而非县教育部门。连江县教育局一名负责人表示,招考录用都是根据省教育厅下发的文件来执行,对于此事,没有更好的解决办法。从执行规定角度,地方教育部门如果放宽标准,对林传华进行“照顾”,很可能引起其他应聘者的不满、投诉。因此,需要追究的是省教育部门制订歧视性政策的责任,并要督促其删除不合法、不合理的体检要求,这是从根本上保障残疾人的合法权益。

近年来,我国一直倡导教育公平、就业公平,但保障残疾人的平等教育权和劳动权,在实践中还存在理念、制度、投入的滞后。在理念方面,一些地方政府存在着根深蒂固的区别对待残疾人的思想,在制度设计时没有充分考虑残疾人的合法权益,加之保障残疾人合法权益,需要加强基础设施建设(诸如建设无障碍设施),所以不论是具体政策还是制度,都还有歧视残疾人的规定。这些都需要进行系统的梳理和清理。

责任编辑:韩佟 CL1368
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