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全国大多数省、区、市对产假期限作出延长调整,但仍面临落实难题—— 别让延长产假“难产”

2017-08-09 07:12:42   中国经济网

去年享受生育保险待遇的人数明显增加,但参保者无须太过担心,此前生育保险基金多是收大于支,基金积累充足

各地在制定政策时应结合女性保护需要、社会经济发展状况和企业承受力等方面,理性评估产假的合适时长

近日,西藏宣布调整现行职工生育待遇,将女职工产假延长至一年。目前,全国大多数省、区、市都已对产假期限作出相应延长调整。

2016年1月1日,“全面二孩”政策正式落地。同时,新修改实施的《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》规定,符合法律法规生育子女的夫妻,可获得延长生育假的奖励或其他福利待遇。为促进二孩政策实施以及保护高龄产妇健康,各地普遍修改人口与计划生育条例,将产假调整为“国家规定假期98天+生育奖励假”。记者梳理发现,经过调整,各地女职工目前可享受的产假普遍达到138天至158天左右。部分地区采取弹性制产假,如经单位同意,女职工还可延长假期。

休产假的女职工可以领到产假工资,这是生育的另一大福利。2016年,我国生育保险待遇水平达到人均15385元,比2012年增加4098元,年均增长8.1%。

根据《女职工劳动保护特别规定》,参保女职工产假期间的生育津贴,都是由生育保险基金支付的。有人担心,产假延长、人数增加、待遇提高,势必会造成生育保险基金支出增加。随着“全面二孩”政策的实施与出生人口的持续增加,今后基金能否兜得住呢?

人社部公布的最新数据显示,2016年,全国生育保险基金收入522亿元,比2012年增加218亿元,年均增长14.5%;支出531亿元,比2012年增加312亿元,年均增长24.7%。

“2016年享受生育保险待遇的人数明显增加,使基金出现支大于收,这种情况应予以重视,但参保者无须太过担心。”中央财经大学社会保障研究中心主任褚福灵表示,此前生育保险基金多是收大于支,基金积累充足,支撑能力较强。目前生育保险参保人数不足2亿,今后如继续扩大参保覆盖面,将使基金更充实。

尽管基金运行平稳,但对于可能出现的风险仍要未雨绸缪。今年2月份,国务院办公厅印发《生育保险和职工基本医疗保险合并实施试点方案》,提出按照保留险种、保障待遇、统一管理、降低成本的思路,在河北省邯郸市等12个城市开展两项保险合并实施试点。此举的目的,就是要提高基金的共济能力,更好地保障参保人员待遇。

褚福灵表示,生育本身就是一种医疗行为,需要检查、开药、住院、治疗等,且与医疗保险密切相关。过去两个险种独立运行、分开结算,有时候很难区分。两个险种合并实施后,有利于降低经办成本。统一参保登记,也有利于进一步扩大生育保险覆盖的职业人群,更好保障生育职工的生育保险权益。

毫无疑问,延长产假对于保护女职工权益、维护妇女平等就业的权利、保障妇女健康,都具有重要意义,但如何保证这项福利的落实不打折扣,仍需更多努力。客观来说,法律对孕期、产期和哺乳期妇女的特别保护,一定程度上也增加了企业的用工和管理成本。如果单纯通过增加产假时间等措施增加女职工的保护,却忽略了相应防范就业歧视规则的完善,所谓的“保护”反而有可能加剧女性就业困难。

对此,业内专家指出,各地在制定政策时应结合女性保护需要、社会经济发展状况和企业承受力等,理性评估产假的合适时长。同时,国家可以通过加大生育保险基金补贴和调整税收手段等方式,对女性职工权益保障良好的单位给予政策性补偿,激励单位落实延长产假制度,将女性职工的生育负担向全社会均衡,从而实现既维护女职工的合法权益,又让用人单位负担得起。(经济日报记者 韩秉志)

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