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夸克胶子等离子体“整体极化”理论获证
2017-08-04 09:24:51 中国经济网
最新发现与创新
科技日报济南8月3日电 (记者王延斌 通讯员车慧卿)宇宙在最初诞生的百万分之几秒内以“夸克胶子等离子体”的形式存在,这种类似“电浆”的状态被认为是固体、液体、气体之后的第四种物质形态。近日,我国科学家首次提出的夸克胶子等离子体“整体极化”理论,被美国布鲁克海文实验室重离子碰撞实验证实,该实验室RHIC-STAR国际合作组织发言人许长补教授认为,超流体中相对论量子“整体极化”的提出和被证实是近年来世界高能核物理领域里的最重要突破。该实验结果已作为封面文章发表在3日出版的《自然》杂志上。
分子由原子构成,原子由电子和原子核组成,而原子核中的质子和中子由更细微的夸克通过强作用力组成,这种强作用力通过胶子传递。通常情况下,夸克被约束在中子、质子内,无法独立存在。通过布鲁克海文国家实验室的相对论性重离子对撞机,科学家们让两个金原子核在接近光速下对撞,利用其对撞温度比太阳表面温度高出3亿多倍的条件,释放出夸克和胶子,从而获得“夸克—胶子等离子体”。包括中国6个研究单位在内的14个国家约500名科学家参与了这项实验计划。
“整体极化”理论的提出者之一山东大学教授梁作堂告诉科技日报记者,两个金核在“擦肩而过”式的碰撞(即非正面心对心碰撞)中会导致一系列效应,“整体极化”便是表现之一。就像月球在围绕地球公转的同时也在自转一样,碰撞产生的“电浆”状夸克胶子等离子体在每秒实现1021自身转速的同时,表现出一定的方向性,这种方向性类似于地球绕日公转时表现出的倾角。2004年山东大学梁作堂教授和王新年教授在《物理评论快报》首次提出该理论,从而使世界高能核物理界少有地以中国科学家提出的“Global polarization”(整体极化)作为专用名词来命名该现象。
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