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又到美国白蛾猖獗时 郑州放大招将实施"以虫治虫"

2017-04-28 15:43:37   大河网

□记者刘瑞朝文白周峰摄影

核心提示丨蚕食桑叶吐丝,美国白蛾食树叶毁绿意。随着气温升高,又到了美国白蛾猖獗扩张“领土”的时候。为保护绿意少被美国白蛾啃噬,郑州市发布了美国白蛾防控实施方案,准备通过多种方式,来控制疫情发展和扩散。

河南省往年培育的周氏啮小蜂开始投放,这些小蜂一改过去用化学农药去灭杀树木害虫的方式,将主动“追杀”美国白蛾等。

【疫情】

美国白蛾危害究竟有多大?4县(区)为国家白蛾疫区

美国白蛾看似其貌不扬,实则危害极大。郑州市美国白蛾防控指挥部相关人士介绍说,它们是世界性检疫害虫,主要危害果树和观赏树木,尤其以阔叶树为主,已被列入中国首批外来入侵物种。

美国白蛾危害究竟有多大?据介绍,美国白蛾一年三代,一头雌蛾年平均繁殖后代3000万头,最多可达2亿头以上,幼虫15天不取食仍可正常繁殖、危害,常将树木食成光杆,造成树木死亡。

据悉,2012年,郑州首次发现美国白蛾。虽然经过连续多年防治,但在今年国家林业局第2号疫区公告中,中牟县、金水区、惠济区、郑东新区等4个县(区)还是美国白蛾疫区。

在上述4个县(区)的疫区内,城区、城镇、村庄和境内高速公路、国道、省道、县乡道路、铁路、黄河大堤两侧,主要风景区、货物集散地、重大活动场所周边是防控的重中之重。根据防治方案,疫情区防控目标是控制美国白蛾危害程度,寄主平均叶片保存率不低于85%;成灾面积不超过发生面积的1%;不发生染疫造林绿化苗木跨辖区调运事件。

除了上面提到的疫情区外,我市还将设置美国白蛾监测区。监测区包括新郑市、新密市、登封市、荥阳市、郑州经济开发区、郑州高新区、上街区、中原区、二七区、管城回族区、郑州航空港经济综合实验区等除治区以外的市(区)。监测区中的高速沿线廊道林等生态廊道,将作为监测的重中之重,以防范美国白蛾随车辆远距离传入。

【防治】

采取物理化学等多种方式部分区域将实施“以虫治虫”

如何剿灭美国白蛾?郑州今年将采取五种方式。一是剪除网幕,在每一代的幼虫结网幕盛期,对发现的美国白蛾网幕用高枝剪剪下并立即集中烧毁或者深埋。今年计划剪除网幕1万亩次。

二是地面喷药,在每一代的初龄幼虫期,对不宜飞机喷药的路林、四旁树木和市区内行道树用高射程喷雾机、大型喷药车喷洒无公害药剂,片林还可以用烟雾机喷烟防治,共计划地面喷药防治1万亩次(其中预防0.5万亩次)。

三是飞机喷药,在5月中、下旬和7月上旬至中旬,对中牟县和市郊等相对集中连片的美国白蛾发生区,尤其是机场高速、京珠高速两侧,黄河大堤两侧以及与外地市交界地带联防联治,使用飞机超低量喷雾防治5万余亩次(其中预防4万亩次)。

四是采取物理防治。在绿博园、树木园、森林公园等地设置频振式杀虫灯,夜间诱杀成虫,开展物理防治0.5万亩次(预防)。

五是生物防治,也就是以虫治虫。每代以美国白蛾虫口3倍的数量,分2次释放周氏啮小蜂,进行生物防治0.5万亩次。

“喷的药都是生物制剂,对人体没有危害。”上述人士介绍说,届时他们会提前向社会发布喷洒公告,大家也不必过分担心,不要轻易相信网络谣言。

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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