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美法就《巴黎协定》针锋相对

2017-09-26 13:21:53   新华网

《国际每日新闻简报网》统计了特朗普和马克龙在演讲中关注的焦点出现的频率。统计结果显示,两人在多项问题上存在分歧。在气候变化问题上,马克龙再次强调自己的立场,并表示将在2020年前投入50亿欧元以应对气候变化。与之产生强烈反差的是,特朗普对气候变化问题只字未提。

美国《时代周刊》称,特朗普和马克龙均为新上任的国家领导者,本次演讲则为两人在联合国舞台上的首秀。在演讲中,两个人展现了完全相反的外交理念:“美国优先”对抗全球主义。

作为美国的传统盟友,法国在演讲中与美国截然相反的态度并非无理可循。

“《巴黎协定》是在法国签订的,法国出面维护无可厚非。而该协定又是联合国框架内达成的共识,因此,联大是阐释该问题的最佳场合。”中国社会科学院美国研究所外交研究室主任袁征在接受本报采访时说。

袁征认为,由于法德两国在欧盟占有举足轻重的地位,加之默克尔本次联大的缺席,法国领导人的表态实际上代表整个欧盟的立场。“该事件再次表明大西洋两岸同盟关系出现了裂痕。欧洲注重多边协同精神,而特朗普的理念与欧盟产生了冲突。”他说,“《巴黎协定》在世界范围内达成一致成果不易,欧盟对特朗普的态度感到恼火。”

而中国国际问题研究院欧洲研究所所长崔洪建认为,马克龙的举动主要是从本国和欧洲利益出发。“在气候变化问题上,身为引领者的欧洲近几年的地位有所下降。而本次特朗普宣布退出《巴黎协定》让法国和欧洲认识到这是重拾领导者地位的极佳机会。”“在联大演讲,除了从全球层面提高对该问题的关注度,也有助于帮助树立法国在治理全球气候变化问题上领导者的角色。马克龙计划今年在巴黎再举办一次世界气候峰会,本次也是马克龙对该峰会的预热和铺路。”

崔洪建还提到,欧洲之所以力推《巴黎协定》还与国家未来经济转型方向、占领新能源主导地位等相关。

全球治理 再次面临大挑战

在联大演讲后,美国《时代周刊》称,马克龙曾透露,自己已“竭尽全力”。然而《时代周刊》认为,“竭尽全力”在面对特朗普时,可能还不够。但不管怎样,《时代周刊》都不能否认,作为全球综合国力第一和碳排放量前二的超级大国,美国退出《巴黎协定》的决定无疑是在全球治理方面“开倒车”。

对于美、法两国关系今后的趋势,崔洪建认为,一方面,在美国提出重新考虑《巴黎协定》以来,法国方面多次提出批评,毫无疑问,今后双方在这一领域将摩擦不断;另一方面,特朗普上任以来,对法德两国采取亲疏有别的政策,特朗普有意拉拢法国,用以平衡德国在欧洲的影响。他认为,在气候变化方面的分歧虽然存在,但是并不足以影响两国外交关系。在未来,法国的外交在马克龙带领下一方面将展现更多的独立性,包括在气候变化方面对美国持续的批评和施压;另一方面,马克龙将会在由欧美共同达成的一些问题上寻求和美国的合作。

袁征则认为,法国与美国之间的分歧可以通过沟通达成互相谅解。他认为,联大演讲会对美法不会产生大的影响。问题的关键在于双方如何看待和处理观念上存在的差异。两国未来的关系还需要进一步观察。(张永恒 安琪)

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