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记者手记:从边城难民潮看欧洲难民之困

2017-09-25 14:46:54   新华网

新华社法国布里昂松9月24日电  记者手记:从边城难民潮看欧洲难民之困

新华社记者应强 韩冰 韩茜

虽说9月中旬欧洲尚未完全入秋,但法国和意大利边境的阿尔卑斯山区早晚气温已接近零摄氏度。

由于法意南部沿海地区因非法移民问题边界管控趋严,今年春天以来,阿尔卑斯山区便成了非法移民跨境的重点地区。他们在这里栖身,寻找机会穿越边境离开意大利,进入欧洲腹地实现他们的“欧洲梦”。

法国媒体对此报道不多,如果不是有人提供线索,记者根本不会注意到布里昂松这个边境小城。

布里昂松位于素有“欧洲屋脊”之称的阿尔卑斯山地区,其老城被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产,这里是著名的滑雪胜地。记者身临其境看到这里难民潮的真实情况,而由此带来的问题可能会影响未来的欧洲乃至世界。

由于接待能力有限,通过布里昂松入境的非法移民大多已离开此地,而留在布里昂松临时接待中心的许多是14至17岁的未成年人。按年龄本应在学校学习的他们,没有家长陪伴,然而命运却让他们来到一个完全不同的世界。

他们逃离故土的经历,让人们在唏嘘的同时也陷入了思考:人类进入21世纪为何还会发生这样的事情?怎样才能从根本上解决这一问题?

欧洲难民危机实际上是西亚北非“阿拉伯之春”后果的外溢。这场大范围动荡,让这一地区的政治生态发生了重大变化,直接导致大批非法移民涌入欧洲。而利比亚卡扎菲政权的倒台,让这个北非大国陷入了军阀混战的局面,无政府状态更为从这里向欧洲组织偷渡大开“方便之门”,大批非洲欠发达地区的非法移民以利比亚为踏板,踏上前往欧洲的“冒险之旅”。

能够抵达欧洲的非法移民已算是“幸运儿”,然而等待他们的并不都是热情的接待。欧洲经济不景气、失业率高企,自顾不暇的欧洲人并不欢迎他们:欧洲内部的协调出现问题,久拖不决的解决过程让接待非法移民一线国家失去了耐心。这就是为什么意大利政府和警察对非法移民穿越边境持“睁一只眼闭一只眼”的态度——把他们送到其他国家就不是自己的事了。

在布里昂松的采访中,记者接触了不少同情非法移民的人士和官员,他们还秉持着老欧洲的传统观念,尽其所能帮助未成年非法移民。然而,仅靠这些人士的热心,并不能解决这一难题。

毋庸置疑,解决当下的难民危机,首先需要欧盟各国间的有效协调。欧盟就此已经多次开会并投入资金,但最终落实却缺乏执行力。

更为重要的是,欧洲发达国家本应承担起责任,帮助西亚和非洲解决发展问题,而不是隔岸观火甚至贩卖军火发战争财。一些非政府组织已经公开批评欧美国家在利比亚的不作为和乱作为,为解决难民问题的巨额援助如何使用也没有得到有效监督。

历史上,欧洲经历过多次难民潮,例如法国也曾有过接待阿尔及利亚、东南亚难民的先例。这次来自西亚和非洲的难民潮,很大程度上是由于欧美国家对外政策引发的,欧洲国家更应该有勇气和智慧解决这一问题,从帮助当地经济发展和恢复政府有效管控入手,才能从根源上解决这一问题。

而如何做到有序、合理、合法地接待入境非法移民,对经济增长乏力、失业问题严重、面临恐怖主义威胁的欧洲国家而言,在今后很长一段时间都是需要面对的问题。(参与记者:陈益宸)

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