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不拒绝寻求“替代方案”?公投“要价”有玄机

2017-09-22 06:52:24   新华网

伊拉克北部库尔德自治区(库区)主席马苏德·巴尔扎尼19日向伊拉克中央政府给出两三天期限,谋求以合理“替代方案”换取中止或推迟拟定于25日举行的库尔德独立公投。

当天在库区首府埃尔比勒一次支持公投的集会上,巴尔扎尼透露出延迟公投的可能性,条件是库区同伊拉克中央政府达成妥协。

伊拉克中央政府强烈反对并谴责独立公投,认为这将引发对抗和冲突。伊最高法院18日颁令要求中止公投。

巴尔扎尼今年6月提出公投计划,并多次重申不会取消公投。面对近期来自包括周边国家和美国在内的国际压力,巴尔扎尼又改口,称不拒绝寻求“替代方案”。

在19日的讲话中,巴尔扎尼重申,没有“替代方案”就不会推迟公投。他没有就“替代方案”给出具体说明。

按照计划,除库尔德自治区外,一些争议地区,如伊拉克东北部石油储量丰富的基尔库克,也要举行公投。据报道,基尔库克已经出现零星冲突,18日晚一次支持公投的集会上发生枪击案,造成一死二伤。

兰州大学历史文化学院教授敏敬认为,公投日期迫近,巴尔扎尼既为中止公投给出“交换条件”,又重申举行公投的决心,这是明显的要价,希望以公投实现对内、对外“独立效应”的最大化。

敏敬指出,伊拉克库区领导人面对强大国际压力,表现出公投的决心,主要有以下目的:一是不断传递独立意愿,让世人熟悉,并力求逐渐降低国际社会敏感度,为未来创造舆论环境;二是最近几年叙利亚问题凸显、极端组织“伊斯兰国”频繁祸乱,库尔德人问题在国际视野中相对淡弱,因此希望以公投引发国际关注;三是期望进一步摸清周边国家以及美国等大国对库尔德独立的态度和立场;四是树立权威,巩固权力。经过二十多年发展,库区经济建设、生活和教育水平都有明显改善,出现了“争取变革运动”等新的政治力量,对库区传统政治力量提出挑战,现在巴尔扎尼提出公投,意图以此巩固传统政党的地位和势力。

敏敬认为,要在未来几天内谈出一个“替代方案”很难,而巴尔扎尼对公投面临的压力和风险心知肚明。

“他知道实现独立现在根本不可能,也清楚公投可能带来的复杂影响,”敏敬说,“但他应该会利用条件,一方面跟伊拉克中央政府谈判,增加库区在伊拉克政治和石油收入等方面的权重,一方面唤起国际社会对库尔德问题的关注,在避免大规模武装冲突的条件下,实现或者部分实现其内外诉求,这也算达到了目的。”(夏文辉)(新华社专特稿)

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