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联合国全面改革已经启动 古特雷斯想怎么改

2017-09-22 06:52:23   新华网

“世界需要变革,联合国也需要进行改革。联合国的全面改革已经启动。”联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在第72届联合国大会一般性辩论开幕时致辞说。

和平与安全、可持续发展、管理改革,这是古特雷斯寻求推动的三大改革,也是他去年12月在宣誓仪式上作出的承诺。在这三个领域,古特雷斯有哪些改革设想,可行性如何?中国可以如何参与这一轮改革?

  【实现“可持续和平”】

“我们最严重的不足……是对预防危机无能为力。联合国是在战火中诞生的,今天,联合国必须为和平而存在。”古特雷斯在宣誓时如是说。

针对联合国近年来未能防止不少国内和地区冲突发生和升级,联合国秘书处相关和平与安全的部门职能分散、混乱,古特雷斯本月11日向会员国散发关于重组秘书处和平与安全支柱的设想和建议,强调实现“可持续和平”,重点是预防冲突,通过整合目前相对分散的机构,把建立和平、维持和平与建设和平连成一体。

复旦大学联合国研究中心主任、上海联合国研究会秘书长张贵洪教授介绍,古特雷斯计划把政治事务部与建设和平委员会合并并扩大为“政治和建设和平事务部”,把维持和平事务部改为“和平行动部”。前者负责冲突预防、建立和平、可持续和平、和平与发展、人权的相互合作等,后者负责维和驻地政治特派团、协助和支持和平等。

张贵洪说,两个新部门分工明确:一个负责政治,一个负责行动,都受副秘书长和秘书长行政办公室的常设首长小组领导。这项改革将把建设和平委员会从一个咨询机构变为秘书处的实权部门,使秘书处和平与安全架构的职能分工更加明确。

  【助力“2030目标”】

“有些区域、国家、社区仍远未赶上这波进步与增长的潮流,成了我们世界的铁绣带。被排除在外的代价是:挫败感、疏离感、不稳定。”古特雷斯19日致辞时说。

可持续发展同和平与安全、人权并列联合国三大支柱性事务,但往往不及后两者受人关注。在古特雷斯看来,对化解人道主义危机、预防国内和国际冲突而言,这三者就像同一个三角形的三条边,缺一不可。

为此,古特雷斯计划在总部和国别两个层级对联合国发展系统进行整体改革。

今年7月,古特雷斯就此提交一份报告,建议联合国发展系统必须以更好地落实2030年可持续发展议程为目标进行重组,需要在政策整合、数据管理、合作伙伴关系以及融资等方面向会员国提供更大支持。这份报告只是古特雷斯为试水抛出的一块砖,目的是增加与会员国的互信。他将于年底提交一份更为详细的改革方案。

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